František Josef Gerstner
Franz Joseph Ritter von Gerstner ( born February 22, 1756 in Chomutov, † June 25, 1832 in Mladějov ) was a German - Bohemian mathematician and physicist and a pioneer of the railroad.
Life
Gerstner attended the Jesuit gymnasium in Chomutov and from 1772 to 1777 he studied at the Faculty of Philosophy in Prague, elementary physics of Professor Stanislav Vydra, higher mathematics and astronomy with Jan Tesánek Joseph Stepling. 1776, he passed his examination in astronomy, and in 1777 the examination of the work of Isaac Newton's Philosophiae naturalis De principiis.
In short, he also attended lectures of the art. In 1781 he went to Vienna to study medicine, but broke off his studies and worked at the Vienna Observatory. 1784, after three years of internship, he was adjunct professor Antonín Strnad at the Observatory Prague. In 1785 he published his first astronomical work, in which he corrected the longitude of a number of European cities. In recognition of his work made him the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences ( Královská česká společnost nauk ) to a full member. His other works in the field of astronomy brought him recognition in the European scientific circles.
As 1787 Gerstner former mathematics teacher Tesánek ill, nursed him Gerstner in his apartment and also taught his disciples. 1789 he was appointed full professor of higher mathematics, he has also taught astronomy, mechanics and hydraulics.
1795 appointed to Gerstner as assessor of Hofkommission and he participated in the reorganization of the Austrian educational content for technical schools. After his designs, the technical institute in Prague in 1806 reorganized, Gerstner was appointed there as the first director who taught mechanics and hydraulics at the same time. In addition, he has taught classes in higher mathematics at the university.
1807 was commissioned by Gerstner of the Czech Hydro -technical society to make precise level calculations for the Salztranportwege between Budweis and Linz, and provide a solution to Thoroughfare cost estimates. Gerstner suggested to make the Vltava from Budweis to Joachim mill navigable, and from there a railway track to Katzbach to perform ( near Linz ). Detailed cost calculations then led to a pure railway project with a shorter lines. The course should now run from Budweis about Freistadt to Mauthausen. Gerstner's plans were approved in 1808. As a result of the Napoleonic Wars, it came just before the start of the track alignment, however, decades of delay until the Wiener - commerce Hofkommission ( ie Ministry of Economic Affairs ) took up this transport project again and placed an order for implementation of this project in 1820 Franz Josef Gerstner son of Franz Anton. This began in 1824 with the construction of a total of 127 km long horse-drawn railway Budweis -Linz - Gmunden as the first railway in continental Europe.
In recognition of his services was raised by Gerstner in 1810 by Emperor Francis I in Austrian equestrian. In 1811 he was also appointed by the Emperor, the director of water engineering in Bohemia. 1830 Gerstner gave his lectures in mechanics and hydraulics to his son Franz Anton. In 1832 he was pensioned under the leaving all of his income.
1932 a monument was erected to him in Chomutov, which has been blown up after the war ended in 1945. Czechoslovakia honored him in 1957 with the publication of a special stamp and 2006 with a special coin.
Franz Josef Gerstner was active in the covenant of freemasons, his Mother Lodge Masonic Lodge was the truth and unity of the three winning columns in Prague.
According to him, the knights - of - Gerstner Medal of Sudendeutschen country team is named.
Works
- Introduction to the static architecture. Normal school Buchdruckerey, Prague 1789. ( Digitized and full text in German Text Archive )
- 1813 Gerstner Zwey published treatises on freight wagons and roads with the non-linear formula for rolling resistance of a wheel on soft ground
- Gerstner 1831 published his famous manual of mechanics in three bands. The work was still before the appearance of 1,400 advance payers, including the Emperor Franz I. Vol 1: mechanics of solids. Spurny, Prague 1831st ( digitized and full text in German Text Archive )
- Volume 2: Mechanics of fluid bodies. Spurny, Prague 1832. ( Digitized and full text in German Text Archive )
- Vol 3: Description and calculation of large machinery. Sollinger, Vienna 1834. ( Digitized and full text in German Text Archive )
- Vols 4-6 ( Spurny, Prague 1831-1834 ) each contain the panels to the volumes 1-3.