Frederick Heiden
Count Fyodor Loginowitsch Gentiles (Russian Фёдор Логинович Гейден; born September 27, 1821 Suomenlinna, .. † 18 Augustjul / August 31 1900greg in Tsarskoye Selo ) was a Russian military. He was from 1881 to 1898 Tsarist Governor-General of the Grand Duchy of Finland.
Early years
Fyodor Gentiles ( German Friedrich Moritz Imperial Count van Heyden ) came from a Dutch noble family which settled because of Napoleon's occupation of the Netherlands in 1795 in Livonia and Estonia. His father, Louis ( Lodewijk ) Sigismund Gustav Count Heyden (* 1772, † 1850), was a Tsarist war governor of Reval.
Fyodor Gentiles himself was born a Lutheran, but later joined on to the orthodox faith. He decided early for a military career. In July 1840 he was an ensign in the Guards regiment.
Fyodor nations did from 1844 to 1847 and took service in the Caucasus in 1859 on campaign in Hungary in part. In 1854, he was chief of staff of Russia's Baltic units in 1862 Tsarist Adjutant and 1866 head of the Russian General Staff. After the accession of Tsar Alexander III. Heiden was appointed in 1881 to the Tsarist Governor-General of Finland.
Governor-General of Finland
The appointment Fyodor Heiden was particularly welcomed by the Finnish-speaking population. 1883, 1886 and 1887, he worked despite its own Slavophile tendencies with the progressive for its time speech regulations that gave the Finnish stronger rights in the administration, university and military. He also campaigned for a reduction of customs barriers between Finland and Russia.
Initially, he was also opposed to the pressure from St. Petersburg, limiting the autonomy rights of Finland, but later had to largely give way to the Tsarist urge. In 1890 he assumed about the Finnish Post the Russian Interior Ministry and led Russian emblem on a Finnish postage stamps.
On his initiative, including the drafting of a new constitution for Finland was elaborated, which wanted to abolish large parts of autonomy. There was, however, no longer, as Fyodor Gentiles retired from his post in January 1897 due to illness and old age. It was only with his successor, General Nikolai Bobrikov in 1898 took office, the Russification in Finland peaked.
Private life
1854 married Fyodor Zubov Gentiles Elisabeth ( 1833-1894 ), whose father Nikolai Dmitrievich Zubov ( 1801-1871 ) important functions held at the Imperial Court. From the relationship of three boys and four girls were born.