Freight liner (ship)

Liner Shipping designated, as opposed to tramp shipping, ship traffic calling at several ports within a schedule. They thus belong to the regular service. Depending on the route, route and cargo or passengers more ships are deployed on liner services in general. This increases the number of port calls, the cargo can be transported faster, customer satisfaction is increased. Since the introduction of a service line brings high material ( ships) and organizational problems (schedules, congestion) with itself, it is common in seafaring that shipping companies join together for certain lines to liner conferences. Usual line services, for example, in the passenger, ro-ro or in container shipping.

Requirements

Line services in the maritime sector are characterized inter alia by meeting certain criteria:

• Regularity of loading and unloading times at pre- fixed days and even distribution throughout the year.
• Departure frequency with sufficient frequency.
• Punctuality of scheduled departures.
• Operational stability by maintaining the operating grid over a longer period.

History

The conventional liner shipping 1870-1965

Until about 1870 charge was mainly transported by operating in the tramp shipping sailors. But there were occasional attempts to perform scheduled services with sailing ships, for example, ran a regular service from John Ces. Godeffroy & Son from 1850 onwards regularly to destinations in Australia, Chile and California sailing ships. The further development of steam technology and the introduction of telegraph networks, the shipowners were the technical possibilities at hand to carry out reliable liner services to steamships. From 1870 onwards, the liner sector evolved stormy. The most important trade routes led from Europe to the colonies in Asia, Africa and South America, in Germany, for example, operated by the Hamburg-American Packet ride Actien -Gesellschaft ( Hapag ) to North America and the Woermann Line and the German East Africa Line ( DOAL ) to Africa.

Until the 1970s the classic battleship was a multipurpose cargo ship (usually with its own loading gear ), which was able to a mixture of several different charges ( finished goods, semi-finished goods, bulk cargo, refrigerated cargo, passengers, often with tanks for different liquid charges equipped) to transport. This versatility led in the last half of the 20th century for the construction of very expensive, complex specialized ships, which were exactly tailored to their lanes. An example of this is the punch Sans Souci, the Compagnie Générale Maritime. This ship was built for the Euro- Caribbean ride, had a capacity of 8000 tons and hatches for refrigerated cargo, containers, vehicles, cargo on pallets. It was equipped with loading facilities for bananas, a RoRo ramp and tanks for rum.

The increased elimination of cargo shares on, working to lower freight bulk carriers, the concentration of the main lines to the industrial centers of Europe, North America and Japan on the construction and maintenance as well as loading and unloading relatively expensive cargo ships, but also the independence of most colonies, led to problems in the conventional liner shipping. The shippers from industry wanted faster, safer and cheaper transport. The owners needed ships which do not lay half of their operating time for loading and unloading in port. This has led since the 1950s, among others to increased construction of very expensive fast freighters that you started and in particular the very long line of services, as their speed advantage best came to fruition here. Towards the end of the 1960s there was against the background of increasing containerization experiments, fast variants of the then increasingly inexpensive built Liberty ships replacement, including use the British Type SD -14, or the German types Trampko and 36L in the liner shipping. The Blohm Voss tried 1967-1971 with its revolutionary type Pioneer ( affordable creation according to the modular principle with largely without curved components simultaneously in different versions available) fußzufassen vain in this segment.

The container shipping line 1960 to the present

The solution was to standardize the cargo. In the U.S. there was with containers by the Sea-Land Corporation since 1956 shipping. By standardizing the dimensions of loading units, the container revolution could begin. 1966 launched the first Sea-Land container liner service across the North Atlantic. The massive investments for the liner shipping meant in container ships, port infrastructure and cargo handling. This led to bankruptcies, mergers and start-ups as well as a diversification of the total shipping. Special ships transport today, the charges were earlier transported by multi-purpose general cargo ships ( car transporters, product tankers, mini - bulkers ). Liner shipping is now part of combined transport operators, cruise lines offer not only pure maritime, but usually control the execution of the whole transport chain from door to door.