Fujiwara-kyÅ
Fujiwara - kyō (Japanese藤原 京, also: Fujiwara no miyako, literally, Imperial residence Wisterienebene ), and Fuji (w) i -ga- hara (藤井 が原, dt level of Wisterienbrunnens ), was during the Japanese ancient times the capital of the country.
In the 4th year of the reign of Empress Jitō ( 690 according to the Western calendar ) was started the construction work of the newly planned capital city, which lasted four years, until the city finally completed 694 and Asuka- kyō was replaced as capital. Fujiwara - kyō was the first capital, which (especially Chang'an ) was applied according to the traditional Chinese geomancy in Japan after the pattern of the classical Chinese administrative metropolis. The dates will be occupied by the early Japanese chronicles Nihon Shoki.
After completion of the construction, the management could move into the new buildings, which were, however, only up to the year 710 use, when the government was moved after only 16 years old again, this time in turn specially built capital Heijo - kyō in the field present city of Nara.
Overall, ruled by Fujiwara - kyō three Tennō about the country: Jitō Empress, Emperor and Empress Mommu Gemmei.
Construction
Originally it was thought the city was framed by the Yamato Yong Jiang, the three mountains of Yamato, with an east- west distance of 1.1 km and a north- south distance of 3.2 km. But since there is a one term, running east -west main artery was discovered in 1990, is now to the assumption that the city system was much greater. Maybe they took a side length of up to 5.3 km there is a an area of over 25 square kilometers. This would Fujiwara - kyō the largest among the capitals of the ancient Japanese have been even greater than its two successors Heijo - kyō (24 km ²) and Heian - kyō (23 km ²), which spawned the present-day Kyoto. The three mountains of Yamato would still partially located in this case within the urban area.
North of the center of the city plant was located the palace Fujiwara (藤原 宫Fujiwara no Miya ), whose Suzakumon (朱雀 门, dt "Gate of the Red bird " ) consists in a southerly direction, the largest main street, called Suzaku ōji (朱雀 大路, ger "Main Street of the Red bird " ) was. This was with 20 m width is relatively narrow compared with those of Heijo - kyō and Heian - kyō. This road divided the city into eastern plant, left the district (左 京Sakyō ) and a western, right district (右 京Ukyo ). Each of these two parts of the city was divided in turn from south to north in Jō (条) and from east to west in Bo (坊), a system of the city quartering, which (条 坊 制JOBO is ) is called Jobo system. Regarding the number of either 12 Jō and 8 Bo ( 4 Bó per district) and 10 Jō and Bo ( 5 Bó per district) accepted .. Each four Bó were under one of twelve managers, the BO- rei (坊 令) called were.
Fujiwara Palace
The actual administrative institutions including the district for the high officials and the residence of the Tennō were in the palace Fujiwara, a palace within the city, which measured in any direction around 1 km side length and all around by a 5 m high mud wall of the other neighborhoods was deferred. Every page of this surrounding wall had three gates, the middle gate of the south wall served as the main gate and Suzakumon called because it led out to the main road Suzaku ōji. In the center is the residence of the emperor (内 里Dairi ) and the Chodo - in (朝堂 院), a site on the left and right sides of a courtyard, were held at the ceremonies, the offices of officials as well as the Audience Hall (大 极was殿 Daigokuden ) was located. Compared with the two later established capitals, he was with a north- south extent of about 600 m and an east- west extent of about 240 m of the largest Chodo - in. The buildings of the palace were covered under Chinese pattern with bricks, which had until then not given the Japanese imperial palaces.
Today's appearance
In Takadono -chō district (高 殿 町) of the city of Kashihara in Nara prefecture is still preserved the increased Lehmfundament the former audience hall. In this area there is now a historical park.
Arts and Culture
The epoch in which Fujiwara - kyō as the capital had its heyday in art historical terms (白凤 时代Hakuho jidai ) or Hakuho culture is regarded as Hakuho period (白凤 文化Hakuho bunka ) in which it was a predominantly courtly culture.