Gengenbach Abbey

The monastery Gengenbach was a Benedictine monastery in the free imperial city of Gengenbach in today Ortenaukreis in the state of Baden- Württemberg. The monastery possessed in the high and late Middle Ages, a scriptorium and bookbinding, the famous Gengenbach of Gospels from the first half of the 12th century. Early modern Gengenbach is the Latin School.

History

On the edge of the Black Forest, at the output of Kinzigtales founded the Abbot-Bishop Pirmin († 753 ) sometime after his expulsion from the Reichenau ( 727), with the support of the Frankish Count Ruthard on Reichsgut the monastery Gengenbach. Colonized by monks from the Lorraine Gorze, the Convention grew in the 9th century up to 100 members. Relations with the Carolingian rulers guaranteed the monastery the status of an imperial abbey. 1007 gave King Henry II ( 1002-1024 ) Gengenbach his newly founded bishopric of Bamberg, the monastic community was bishop's own monastery, according to a document of Pope Innocent II ( 1130-1143 ) on free Abbot and Vogt choice as well as royal "freedom" ( libertas ) decreed ( 1139 ). In the Investiture Controversy Gengenbach was on the side of the German rulers, with the Bamberger reform monastery Michel mountain it was about his abbots Poppo († 1071 ), Ruotpert († 1075 ) and Willo († 1085 ) connected. Willo was driven by supporters of the Gregorian Reform Party temporarily from Gengenbach, the same thing happened with his successor Hugo I. ( 1080/90er-Jahre ). Counter in 1117 led the St. Georgen Theoger Abbot ( 1088-1119 ) and Bishop Otto I of Bamberg ( 1102-1139 ) in Gengenbach a monastic reform in Hirsauer or St. Georgen sense. To this corresponded to that in 1120 emerged after the demolition of the old a new monastery church.

The position as imperial abbey owed ​​the late medieval and early modern Gengenbach Monastery of the screen Bailiwick of German rulers, who had been an important part of Ortenauer Empire bailiwick, established by King Rudolf of Habsburg (1273-1291). But the kingdom bailiwick remained mostly (up to 1551/56 ) to adjacent rulers pledged. Previously, the Dukes of Zahringen Gengenbach Klostervögte had been, then ( 1218 ) the Hohenstaufen kings, and finally ( in 1245 ) the bishops of Strasbourg.

( 1231 opidum ) In the context of the community of monks of the monastery site Gengenbach formed in the high Middle Ages to the city. Under Abbot Lamprecht von Brunn (1354-1374), chancellor of Emperor Charles IV (1347-1378), was imperial city of Gengenbach ( 1360 ), the empire was mayor to appoint the head of the monastery. Lambert, Bishop of Brixen (1363-1364), Speyer (1364-1371), Strasbourg (1371-1374) and Bamberg (1374-1399), was reorganized the economic conditions of the abbey, prevailed against the neighboring lords of Geroldseck and resulted in the city, the guild constitution. Although the spiritual community of the Benedictine Order province Mainz -Bamberg was attached, did not reach in the period following reform impulses Gengenbach. In the monastery of the 15th century prevailed a secular lifestyle stiftische noble Conventual, access to the community was denied commoners ( 1461 ). But failed conversion Canons as well as the introduction of Bursfeld reform at the beginning of the 16th century. As a result of the crossing of the Lutheran faith Gengenbach ( 1525), the monastery was in danger of becoming Protestant. In the course of the Augsburg Interim ( 1548), the monastic community, however, remained Catholic, and the city returned to the old faith. The monastery should remain still until its secularization; 1803/1807 Gengenbach, city and ( imperial ) Abbey was, Baden.

The controversial in Gengenbach Abbot Coadjutor Count Anton von Salm was the last abbot of Hornbach and saved there in 1558 the bones of the joint founder, St. Pirminius.

Possessions

Building on Gründungsgut in the Kinzig valley originated during the early and high Middle Ages, the Monastery of Gengenbach, which extended along the lower and middle Kinzig in Ortenau, but also in the Neckar region and on its own economy and Fronhofsverwaltung ( Dinghofverfassung ) was aligned. Settlements a first clearing stage ( to 1139 ) along the Kinzig valley have since the high Middle Ages, the three-field system, places a second clearance phase (until 1287 ) are located in the valleys of the Kinzig valley and are characterized by a closed Hofwirtschaft. Patronage rights to the church of St. Martin in Gengenbach, at the parish churches in Biberach (Baden), Steinach, but also in Niedereschach among other things were added, as well as the pilgrimage chapel of St. Jacob on the Bergle in Gengenbach, which was consecrated in 1294. The churches have been partially incorporated the monastery. Pontifical ( 1139, 1235, 1252, 1287 ) and imperial possession confirmations ( 1309, 1331, 1516) should help the abbey secure goods and rights.

Monastery Church / City Church

The church, which was built from 1120 was based on the Hirsauer Bauschule: a three-aisled basilica with a transept, one main and two side choirs and conches. The choir room was 1398/1415 gothic rebuilt, a western tower was added in the late Middle Ages, 1690/1722, the church was rebuilt baroque and repaired 1892/1906 redesigned neuromanisch under the Freiburg architect Max Meckel. The prospectus of the organ was (as well as the main altar) by Max Meckel designed and manufactured by Black in Überlingen in cooperation with the Freiburg sculptor Joseph Dettlinger. The organ is considered the " second largest organ romantic bathing ".

Abbots of Gengenbach

  • Rustenus (8th century )
  • Burkhard, Leutfried, Cosman, Anselm, Gauthier, Wolmar, Otho, Benno, Rado, Ammilo (?)
  • Alfram ( -ca. 820)
  • Germunt (approx. 826 )
  • Lando ( 840 )
  • I. Dietrich, Dietrich II, Godfrey I, I. Walther, Walther II professed (?)
  • Reginald (before 1016-1028 )
  • Berthold I ( -1052 )
  • Poppo ( -1071 )
  • Acelinus ( -1074 )
  • Ruotpert ( -1075 )
  • Willo ( -1085 )
  • Hugo I. ( 1089, 1096 )
  • Frederick I (before 1109-1120 )
  • Gottfried II (before 1140-1162 )
  • Anselm ( -1147? )
  • N.N. ( -1173 )
  • Frederick II ( -1182 )
  • Landofrid ( -1196 )
  • Salomon ( -1208 )
  • Gerbold (1210 )
  • Eggen Hard ( -1218 )
  • Gottfried III. (1218-1237)
  • Walther III. (1237-1248)
  • Dietrich III. (1248-1263? )
  • Hugh II ( 1263? -1270? )
  • Gottfried IV (1270? -1276 )
  • Berthold II (1276-1297)
  • Geoffrey V ( 1296 )
  • Berthold III. (1297-1300)
  • Dietrich IV (1300-1323)
  • Albero (1323-1324)
  • Walther IV (1324-1345)
  • Berthold IV (1345-1354)
  • Lambert von Brunn (1354-1374)
  • Stephan von Wilsberg (1374-1398)
  • Konrad von Blumberg (1398-1415)
  • Berthold V. Mangolt - Venser (1416-1424)
  • Egenolf von Wartenberg (1424-1453)
  • Volzo of Neuneck (1454-1461)
  • Sigismund of Neuhausen (1461-1475)
  • Jakob von Bern (1475-1493)
  • Beatus II of Schauenburg (1493-1500)
  • Konrad von Mülnheim (1500-1507)
  • Philip of Eselsberg (1507-1531)
  • Melchior Horneck of Hornberg (1531-1540)
  • Friedrich von Keppenbach (1540-1555)
  • Gisbert Agricola (1556-1586)
  • Johann Ludiwig Sorg (1586-1605)
  • George Breuning (1605-1617)
  • Johann Caspar Timothy ( 1617)
  • Johann Demler (1617-1626)
  • Jacob Petri (1626-1636)
  • Erhard Marx (1636-1638)
  • Columban Meyer (1638-1660)
  • Roman Suttler (1660-1680)
  • Augustine Müller (1696-1726)
  • Paul Seeger (1726-1743)
  • Generic Benedict (1743-1763), son of the architect Johann Jakob Kurpfälzer Generic
  • Jacob Trautwein (1763-1792)
  • Bernhard Mary Schwoerer ( 1792-1803/07 )
Gospel Book Kinzig (Rhine) Gorze Abbey St. George's Abbey in the Black Forest Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor Bursfelde Congregation Steinach, Baden-Württemberg
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