George Clark Southworth

George Clark Southworth ( born August 24, 1890 in Little Cooley, near Athens Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, † July 6, 1972 in Chatham ( New Jersey)) was an American radio frequency engineer.

Life

He studied physics at Grove City College, earned his master's degree in 1914 and then studied for a year at Columbia University. In June, he joined the radio department of the National Bureau of Standards and supported the preparation of the 1918 published Bulletin 74 Radio Instruments and Measurements.

In September 1918 he began working as a lecturer at Yale University and taught officers of the U.S. Army Signal Corps. In 1923 he earned his Ph.D. with a thesis on measurements of the dielectric constant of water at frequencies above 15 MHz.

Since he had a family to support, he accepted a better paying job at the American Telephone & Telegraph. Firstly, he should support the editor of the Bell System Technical Journal ( BSTJ ), but was then put into the research and development department, where he was to study the propagation of short waves.

Waveguide

There he was looking for a waveguide for transmission of microwaves. In 1931 he began, although the project was not officially authorized an investigation of wave propagation in dielectric rods. Beginning of 1932, he observed wave propagation in water-filled copper pipes. In May 1933 he was transferred from France with imported high frequency electron tubes waves through air-filled copper pipes of up to 7 m in length. He later recanted, that the first data transmitted via these waveguide message "send money" was. After he had his supervisor demonstrates the waveguide, he was authorized to build a larger one of about 300 m in length and about 13 cm in diameter. In 1934, the project to Bell Labs in Holmdel, NJ laid and he led a small team with two engineers and a technician that developed the waveguide technology. He used Barkhausen tubes for a wavelength of 15 cm and examined the H11 wave in the circular waveguide.

His supervisor was unable to accept a publication because it feared that the company would make so ridiculous. Southworth propagated the transverse electromagnetic wave that Sergei Alexander Schelkunoff with Sallie P. Mead and John Renshaw Carson then discovered ( low-loss H01- circular waveguide wave; published in 1936 BSTJ ). Wilmer L. Barrow continued the research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) continues.

Radio astronomy

1932 Karl Guthe Jansky had discovered in Holmdel radio interference stellar origin. In February 1942, the Briton James Stanley Hey, who investigated the cause of a nationwide RADAR fault in the meter wave range, stumbled across a source of interference, which sent only during the day. Hey had then discovered that solar flares ( in a large group of sunspots ) cause a more intense radio emission than the quiet sun. These findings, however, remained a secret until 1946.

Southworth radioastronomisch discovered in the summer of 1942 and 1943 with a few employees and a parabolic antenna of 1.5 m diameter of the radio emission of the quiet Sun, in the centimeter wavelength range. They discovered the microwave radiation of the sun at 3.06 GHz ( 9.8 cm), 9.4 GHz (3.2 cm ) and 24 GHz ( 1.25 cm).

As it was discovered later, the intensity of the radio emission at 10.7 cm wavelength correlates with the number of sunspots (see sunspot # 10.7 cm radio flux index).

He also worked on antenna arrays and announced in April 1943 a Directive microwave radio antenna for a patent (U.S. Patent 48,139,043 ). After Bell, he retired in 1955, he was still working as a consultant.

Awards

Publications

  • The Dielectric Properties of Water for Continuous Waves; New Haven, Conn, Yale University, Diss. .; 1924
  • Forty years of Radio Research; 1942 ( autobiography )
  • Microwave radiation from the sun; J. Franklin Inst 239: 285-297 (1945 )
  • Principles and applications of wave guide transmission; Toronto, Nostrand, 1950
  • George Fleek and His Descendants; History of The Fleeks and Maloney of Northwest Pennsylvania, With Additional Notes on the History of Little Cooley, Pennsylvania; 1958
  • Post- revolution Chatham; 1966
National Institute of Standards and Technology Waveguide (electromagnetism) Holmdel Township, New Jersey Super high frequency Integrated Authority File
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