Gerecse Mountains

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Landscape in Gerecse Mountains

The Gerecse Mountain, also called German Geißgebirge, belongs to the westernmost part of the Dunazug - mountain region in the Hungarian Central Mountains. The Karst Mountains covers an area of 850 km ² and is on average 400 m high. The highest peak is 634 m of the Nagy- Gerecse ( "Greater Gerecse ").

Location

The Gerecse Mountains located in Komárom-Esztergom county. It lies between the Tatai - árok ( " Tata ditch " ) and the Vertes Mountains. In addition, it separates the Dorog Basin between the ditch of Dorog and Pilisvörösvár from Pilisgebirge. It is bordered by the Zsámbék Basin and the Buda hills. To the west lies the Little Hungarian Plain in the north, and it ends up on the slopes of the Danube.

Climate

Due to the geographical situation is emerging in the weather observation that the precipitation fronts to Tata Szár rich, while the areas around Tatabánya and the southern mountain slopes are drier.

History

In the quarries were built since the times of the Romans, and later under the kings Sigismund of Luxembourg and Matthias Corvinus reddish limestone ( vörös márvány, Piszke marble, marble Tardos ), who found a substitute for marble treatment.

After the Ottoman victory at the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Akıncı blew the rural areas around the capital before. Near the village Pusztamarót, farmers had entrenched themselves against the attackers, but they could not withstand the superior force.

Geology

The predominant rock type is limestone, partly there are also dolomite. From the local formations of sedimentary rocks (limestone, sandstone, clay minerals and marl ) limestone caves and local karst formation are as noteworthy as the coal beds from the Eocene and Oligocene. The marl, a base material for cement, cut into the layers of loess to the Danube facing deep roads and loess walls. In Gerecse Mountains, especially at its northern slope, there are numerous historical and modern plant quarries. Obtained red, gray and beige limestone. The quarries at Süttő and above Tardos have a special meaning in architecture and art history, as they have provided material for regionally important architectural and art works. Some Roman architectural fragments in Tata come from old mining sites in the mountains.

The carbonate rock layers have emerged in the Triassic. In the west and north, extending towards the basin of the Great Plain deep fault lines. At the edge of the mountains are 1000 m deep reaching limestone formations found on the surface. Some of the falling Karbonatschichten exhibit signs of folding. This phenomenon is called sasbérc and can be found in the vicinity of Tata.

In 1996, a 180 million years old skeleton of a crocodile was found in a mine.

Structure

  • The western Gerecse Mountains

This part begins in a southeasterly direction from Neszmély. There you will find the 375 m high and 425 m high Asszonyhegy Somló Roeg. To the south it consists of the mountains Hosszúvontató (450 m), Nagy- Dobo (424 m), Agostyáni (441 m), Oreg - Kovács ( 555 m) and the plateau Hajagos continued (443 m). In Tatabánya, on the Csúcsos ( 369 m) is a Millennium monument with the turul. In addition, there are still mountains Veres ( 341 m) and Nagy- Keselo. At the northern and southern end of the line mountain caves can be found. The entrance to the cave at Nagy- Somló is located on 390 m height. But is better known the Szelim - cave on Mount Kő at Tatabánya.

  • The medium or high Gerecse Mountains

The middle part begins in the east of Tardos - Vértestolna basin with the Haraszt Hill ( 283 m). Further to the east lies the 399 m high Berzsek Mountain, provide the marl and limestone quarries cement plants. Other mountains are:

  • Nagy- Eménkes (526 m) Large ( 544 m) and Little Pisznice ( 525 m)
  • Nagy- Gerecse ( 634 m)
  • Fehér kő ( 525 m)
  • Bánya (360 m)
  • Fekete kő (362 m)
  • Somberek (409 m)
  • Luke kő ( 355 m)
  • Szenék (400 m)
  • Bősomlyó ( 346 m)

The longest cave is located at the Pisznice.

  • The eastern Gerecse Mountains

The eastern Gerecse Mountains begins with the Oreg kő (375 m), where the Jankovich Cave is located. The main peaks are:

  • Nagy- Gete ( 457 m) at Dorog
  • Or at Bajna
  • Gyarmat (362 m) in Gyermely
  • Nyakas (324 m) in Zsámbék
  • The southern Gerecse Mountains

The southern part separates the main massif of the mountain from Vértestolnaer, Héreger and Tarjáner pool and the valley Szentlászló - víz. To the east are the first summit of the 400 meter high Pes kő, the 438 m high and 448 m high Baglyas Somlyóvár. The last associated mountains are steep Zuppa (385 m) and the Lóingató (303 m).

Hydrographic

The seepage in the karstified surface water enters sources back to the surface. The watercourses in accordance with the lead caused by erosion surface from the eastern Gerecse over the central part of the western mountains.

Present, most water feed from the western part of the Gerecse. Also in Tata spring sources, such as the Fényes source ( 20 000 m³ / day). As part of the impact of mining in Tatabánya, Oroszlany and Dorog the water level of the karst water took the early 1980s, slowly but clearly.

Today the level is stagnant due to the crisis in the coal mining industry and due to increasing rainfall. The hydrologists Ádám prince According, it is expected that dried up springs rise again.

Soil conditions

In the field of forestry operations, which is why most of the soil forest floor. However, it also results in soil degradation through erosion. Among the dark forest soils and the loess shallow layers of soil organic matter and carbonate rendzina - soils are found, which have a high pH - value of up to 8.

Animal and plant life

The peaks are covered with karst forests. There are growing mainly shrubs and oaks. Among shrubs, the yellow bubble bush to find and oaks often happens, the hellebore and the yellow umbel. A relic of the Ice Age is associated with the Plug herbs protected Ferula sadleriana ( Magyarföldi husáng ).

Typical plants in Turuli - Parkerdő ( " Park Forest turul " )

Tree species:

  • Stone sour
  • Downy oak
  • Turkey oak
  • Field Maple
  • Manna ash

Shrubs:

  • Spindle bushes
  • Common privet
  • Monogyna hawthorn

Grasses and flowers:

  • Einblütiges Melick ( Melica uniflora )
  • Black lovage ( Smyrnium perfoliatum )
  • Ruprechtskraut
  • Hungarian carnation (Dianthus pontederae )
  • Upright Ziest
  • Precious Gamander
  • Mean Quaking

In the karst landscapes:

  • Dwarf iris ( Iris pumila )
  • Fettenhennen
  • Big fat hen
  • Eyelash Melick
  • Pale sheep fescue ( Festuca pallens )
  • Neilreich Houseleek ( Jovibarba hirta var neilreichii )
  • Hair esparto grass ( Stipa capillata, Poaceae )
  • Mountain germander
  • Cypress Spurge
  • Spring adonis

Swell

  • Template: Internet resource / maintenance / access date is not in the ISO FormatGerecse. Szente, Kálmán, accessed on 05/12/2008 (Hungarian, Comprehensive Information Portal).
  • Template: Internet resource / maintenance / access date not in ISO format template: Internet resource / Maintenance / date is not in the ISO FormatGerecse barlangjai. Department of Control Engineering and Information technology ( BME), 15.04.2008, accessed on 05/12/2008 (Hungarian, data on the caves in the Gerecse, with maps of each cave systems ).
  • Template: Internet resource / maintenance / access date not in ISO format template: Internet resource / Maintenance / date is not in the ISO FormatGerecse Protected Landscape Area. Danube - Ipoly National Park, 06.08.2007, accessed on 05/12/2008 ( Hungarian, English, information about the Gerecse Mountains on the homepage of the Duna - Ipoly National Park ).
Transdanubian Mountains Tata, Hungary Pilis Mountains Dolostone Ashlar
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