German federal election, 1930
- KPD: 77
- SPD: 143
- Z: 68
- BVP: 19
- WP: 23
- DVP: 30
- DNVP: 41
- NSDAP: 107
- Otherwise:. 69
In the 69 seats under "Other" 20 for the DStP, 19 for the German peasantry ( CNBL ) and 14 for the Christian Social People's Service ( CSVD )
The Reichstag election of 14 September 1930, the election for the 5th German Reichstag of the Weimar Republic.
Prehistory
After the general election in 1928, a grand coalition of the SPD, center, BVP, DDP and DVP of Chancellor Hermann Müller ( SPD) was formed. This last parliamentary government of the Weimar Republic failed in March 1930, if the dispute about a slight increase in contributions for unemployment insurance or the intentions of President Paul von Hindenburg, the "anti- Marxist " strove for an "anti- parliamentary " and presidential cabinet, is controversial in research. Hindenburg appointed the Center Party politician Heinrich Brüning as chancellor, who formed a minority government without the SPD. The Reichstag rejected the Reich budget submitted by Bruning for 1930, which was subsequently adopted as the " emergency decree to secure the Economy and Finance " on July 16. The Reichstag then made at the request of the SPD with 256 votes of the SPD, KPD, NSDAP and DNVP from his laid down in Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution law use to pick up an emergency decree. Now Brüning asked Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag in accordance with Article 25 of the Constitution and to organize new elections. They took place on 14 September 1930.
The election campaign
Shortly after the dissolution of the Reichstag, the parties began with the election campaign. The SPD extent of the Nazi Party, which had in 1928 received only 2.6 % of the vote, but since then grew in state elections, in her campaign great importance. She let placards reading "Against Citizens block and swastika " Print and warned against fascism. On August 1, hosted SPD and KPD in Berlin mass rallies under the slogan " No more war ". The event of the SPD in the Lustgarten about 30 000 people participated in the demonstration of the KPD at Winterfeldtplatz about 15 000 On August 23, tried in Boleslawiec KPD supporters in a crowded NSDAP event penetrate. In the clashes with the police, three people were killed and two seriously injured. On 12 September, the election campaign of the Communist Party reached its peak with a rally at the Sports Palace.
The DNVP had to deal during the election campaign with internal problems. On July 17 there was a split between the anti-democratic right wing to the party chairman Alfred Hugenberg and the moderate circles around Kuno Graf von Westarp. On July 23, a portion of the moderate wing founded the Conservative People's Party. On August 8, stepped out of seven members of the Reichstag from the DNVP, because they disapproved of the right-wing course Hugenberg. On August 14, Hugenberg said in a campaign speech at the Sports Palace on the upcoming Third Reich.
The DVP tried to make with other parties along a wing block. On August 7, however, the party of big business and the Conservative People's Party withdrew from the project. On July 27, the German State Party was founded, supported by, among others, the majority of the DDP.
The election campaign of the Nazi party was organized centrally for the first time by Joseph Goebbels. The Nazi Party denounced the disintegration of Germany under the "Weimar " on, urged the national people's community and presented the prevailing world economic crisis as a conspiracy against Germany dar. to openly anti -Semitic propaganda was largely dispensed transfer Goebbels '. In the election campaign of the Nazi Party instead now prevailed national, anti-communist and anti-capitalist slogans. Was come a great activism that made the party appear as young, fresh and energetic. On August 10, tore at a Nazi demonstration 400 men on the Schlossplatz in Berlin, the black-red- gold flags down. Adolf Hitler stepped between 3 August and 13 September in more than twenty major demonstrations as the keynote speaker on. In a manifesto Hitler on 10 September in the Berlin Sports Palace in front of at least 16 000 listeners it was said: "National Socialism is fighting for the German workers, by taking it out of the hands of his scam. " Hitler said: "What we promise is not material improvement for a single state, but the increase of his strength of the nation, because only has this path to power and thus the liberation of the whole people. "
The choice
Voter turnout increased by 6.4 percentage points to 82.0 %. This means that around 4.2 million voters went for re-election as 1928. NSDAP ( 15.7 %) and to a much lesser extent German Communist Party ( 2.5 %) were the election winner. DVP (-4.2 %), SPD ( -5.3 %) and especially Hugenberg's DNVP ( -7.3 %) suffered heavy losses.
In the Reichstag elections the NSDAP was achieved with 6.4 million votes by 810,000 in 1928, the breakthrough: they became the second largest party. Your biggest gains they recorded in northern and eastern Germany. In Schleswig -Holstein, their share rose from 4% to 27%, also in East Prussia, Pomerania, in the province of Hannover and Mecklenburg, it reached over 20%. Goebbels noted in his diary on 15 September: " The Sports Palace is like a madhouse. The S. A. carrying me on his shoulders through the hall. "
The Chancellor of the parties supporting it were able to assert themselves while, but the hope that the Conservative People's Party would draw votes from Hugenberg DNVP into Government to any significant degree, was not fulfilled. The Reich Association of German Industry had requested in August its members to support only those parties, " which are on the bottom of the Constitution and unequivocally advocate for the preservation and development of the private sector as well as private property ." That was directed both against the Communists and against the NSDAP, but the destination base for the government did not materialize: Of the 577 members of the Reichstag only support around 200 Brüning. The election results raised no hopes for the formation of a majority government since the economic ideas of the SPD and the bourgeois parties were far apart.
At the opening of the Reichstag on 13 October 1930, the deputies of the NSDAP all appeared in brown party uniform and ostentatiously contravention of the applicable Prussian uniform ban. With a law they did not count because they enjoyed political immunity. On the same day it arrived in Berlin to pogrom-like riots. Jewish -looking passers-by were insulted and beaten by storm troopers, the Wertheim department store, the shop windows were smashed.
One consequence was a massive withdrawal of foreign short-term debt, which had taken up too without hesitation, German banks in the supposedly Roaring Twenties. The resulting lack of liquidity and the rate hike, which the Reichsbank was trying to stop the credit deductions, exacerbated the deflationary effects of the ongoing global economic crisis.
Reactions
The Frankfurter Zeitung commented on the morning after the election: " Erbitterungs elections, then, in which a troubled fed from many sources mood, through a wild incitement to discharged in ballots radical ". Hitler knew not, in fact, how he could fulfill his promises.
The Times saw in the choice of an instinctive reaction to the inability of the traditional parties and Le Temps ruled that the worst expectations were exceeded. In contrast, Lord Rothermere wrote in the Daily Mail that Hitler also offer advantages, since he erected a bulwark against Bolshevism.
On September 23 to Reich President Paul von Hindenburg turned in a statement against foreign press reports in Germany stand before a right coup. Thus, the further withdrawal of foreign loans from Germany should be tackled.