Glossator

As Glossator is referred to the author of a commentary, that is, an explanatory note to a text, or a comment that consists of several such notes. In the narrower sense is called glossators the legal scholars who in Italy sided the sources of the secular Roman law with glosses in the 12th and 13th centuries.

General word description

The word no consequence ( s ) ator originated in medieval Latin as a nominalization of the equally medieval Latin verb glos ( s ) are ( " with a provided commentary " ) and was borrowed as a technical language Latinism since the end of the Middle Ages in the German and in several other European vernaculars ( inter alia glossateur French, Italian chiosatore, but for legal texts mostly inconsequential CONDENSATORE, Spanish glosador ). The word has remained a subject of linguistic expression to this day, which is primarily used by philologists, historians and codicologists and then refers to a biblical, ancient or medieval text in the rule to the author of an ancient or medieval glosses.

Legal glossators

In a narrow, shaped by the Latin terminology of medieval jurists importance that was maintained by modern legal historians are called glossators especially the teachers of secular law, primarily in the 12th and the first half of the 13th century in Italy, Bologna, the texts of the Corpus Juris Civilis ( a collection of sources of ancient Roman law ) annotated. They provided these texts with glosses ( glossae ), which is usually at the edge ( marginal glosses ) or between the lines ( interlinear glosses ) of the legal text were written. She also described some legal problems ( summae ) and solved contradictions between different passages on ( Distinctiones ). However, the entire content of a control legislation explanatory treatment was largely alien to them, and was only at the post glossators - also called commentators or Consiliatoren - usual.

The most important glossators of this type were Irnerius, azo and Accursius ( summary of previous glosses for Glossa ordinaria 1250). Their work was continued at the end of the 13th and in the 14th century by the Post glossators (especially Cinus de Pistoia, Bartolus de Saxoferrato and Baldus de Ubaldis ). By modernizing the reception of Roman law in glossators and post glossators this became the basis for the continental European private law.

Even with the canonists, the professionals of the medieval canon law, there was virtually glossators, even if they are not typically referred to as, on the one hand the Dekretisten that the commentary on the Decretum of Gratian devoted themselves, and the Dekretalisten who commented on the papal decretals. Among the Dekretisten are particularly Hugutius of Pisa, Lawrence and John Hispanus Teutonicus call; under the Dekretalisten earn Bernardus of Pavia, Tancred of Bologna, Raymond of Penyafort and Johannes Andreae mention.