Götz Heidelberg

Götz Heidelberg ( born March 1, 1923 in Bensberg ) is a German physicist, engineer and entrepreneur.

• 3.1 Railway - traveling-wave technique
• 3.2 Maglev Brunswick
• 3.3 M -Bahn Berlin
• 3.4 Stirling Engine
• 3.5 Wind turbines
• 3.6 fuel Cell

Life

Heidelberg moved with his parents in the 30s to Dresden. After graduation, in 1940, he was drafted to the Eastern Front. He was severely wounded and began his studies at the Technical University Dresden. From 1945 to 1949 Heidelberg studied physics at the Georg-August -Universität Göttingen. In Dresden, he headed to his father's death in 1949 parental Maschinenfabrik until the expropriation in 1953. Starting from 1955 Heidelberg was a high school assistant to Professor Henrich Focke at the Department of helicopters at Stuttgart. From 1958 to 1973 he conducted at Messerschmitt -Bolkow -Blohm (MBB ) in Ottobrunn near Munich, development, testing and production of solid plastic cars, electric vans and plastic jeeps ( amphibious vehicles ), the Maglev, High speed rail, cargo helicopter, magnetic driving technique of automatic car ( System C -Bahn ). Heidelberg began to implement his idea from the vehicle without wheels.

In 1966 at MBB under Heidelberg's leadership, the first maglev. 1969 mandated Federal Transport Minister Georg Leber, a high-performance high-speed rail study, which was carried out in almost 2.5 years in cooperation with the German Federal Railways, MBB and Strabag Bau -AG Heidelberg as Project Manager. He sold to Thyssen AG that part of its patent license rights for use on express passenger service, not those for the transport in the metropolitan areas. For the people express passenger variant of Thyssen on the basis of Heidelberg patent licenses the name Transrapid was familiar and known.

Under his leadership emerged as a new technical systems and technologies of the low-pressure reaction drive for large helicopters, the first large magnetic levitation, electric drive systems for vehicles, plastics technologies in the automotive, energy storage systems, wind turbines and fuel cells. Performance and patents of Heidelberg concern the replacement of conventional mechanical engineering from electrical systems. Some projects are the replacement of fossil fuels by using renewable energies.

Projects at Messerschmitt -Bolkow -Blohm

Heidelberg - rotor low-pressure reaction rotor

By Bölkow developments KG, a test rig was built in 1964 in Ottobrunn. Heidelberg has developed and tested there its Heidelberg rotor. The reaction rotor had a diameter of 31 meters, the rotor head of 8 meters. The driving power of Hubstrahler and helicopter rotors reached to the test up to 13,000 hp and 30 tons of thrust for large helicopters. The blade angle control carried out by a spider which was actuated by the compressed air guided in the duct rod system. The blades were made of light metal sheets bonded. The rotor was designed for transporting especially heavy loads and could be operated without great technical effort. After the patents of Heidelberg the low-pressure rotor reaction was successfully tested one year. With this major helicopter was possible to transport mega loads such as tanks across rivers. The realization of this simple technology for heavy -lift helicopter, which the military significance of the tank transportation addition, a significant civilian benefit could have had, did not take place because the necessary funding was not approved.

Operation of a low-pressure reaction drive

A gas turbine, as it is used as standard for commercial aircraft as a drive, gives her entire thrust gases including the cold air from the aft fan in a tube, the gases (250 ° C hot compressed air ) through the rotor hub in the three rotor blades of bonded light metal sheets exist leads. The rotor blades are hollow and conduct the compressed gases to the outer blade end where they from a nozzle backwards, opposite to the leaf motion direction escape. The jet drives the blades and thus the helicopter rotor. It's a drive without mechanical transmission on the easiest possible way, since the rotor itself drives, requires only a small tail rotor for anti-torque compensation. As a gas producer, for example, would the turbofan CJ 805-23 by General Electric in question, the / s works with a total air flow rate of nearly 190 kg. The exit velocity of the gas stream at the tips of the rotor is 340 m / s, the circumferential speed is 190 m / s

Magnetic levitation vehicle

The first functional magnetic levitation vehicle in 1:1 scale was developed at MBB in 1972 under the direction of Götz Heidelberg and tested on a 600 -meter test track in Ottobrunn. Without wheels is floated by the electromagnetic bearing function, electronically controlled solenoids and a built-in linear motor had a guideway mounted in the aluminum and served as a reaction rail with driving. This component defined in 1972 Herbert woe at the TU Braunschweig. The 7 -meter-long vehicle, weight 6 tons, stands today in the Lokwelt Freilassing.

Projects and developments in own company

1975 Heidelberg launched his company maglev GmbH in Starnberg. His development of infrastructure - traveling wave technique ( long stator, linear motor) and the magnet support technology based on permanent magnets.

Track - traveling-wave technique

The vehicle permanent magnets that carry the vehicle by their attraction to the mounted in the guideway iron parts ( stator), generating magnetic flux in these stationary stator cores. Thus react current-carrying conductor which lie in the transverse grooves of the stator, such that horizontal forces are generated on the vehicle permanent magnets which drive the vehicle. The permanent magnets of the vehicle have a dual function; they serve as support magnets that carry the vehicle and its payload, and as exciting magnets for the drive function of the linear motor. The inserted in the stator winding is made of triple-stranded meander shape inserted into the stator cables and is powered by a stationary pulse inverter with AC. They thereby generating a moving electromagnetic field, the speed of which runs along synchronously with the vehicle permanent magnet. In the stator, the wave traveling wave interacts (or current density wave) generated by the induction of the permanent magnets and produces a wave drive or reverse thrust. The linear motor thrust is obtained (in linear angle 0 °) from the product of the amplitude of the current density wave with the basic excitation wave and a constant drive, which takes into account the magnetic surface, pole pitch and number of poles. The synchronization between the stream surface of the shaft and stators induction shaft of the permanent magnets happens vehicle by evaluation of the induced in the stator coil by the induction voltage wave for the frequency control of the stationary inverter. A typical Langstratorwicklung has at 140 mm ² cross section of the aluminum wire about 0.15 Ω resistor, and an impedance of 0.025 Ω m / s ( with respect to the speed ).

Maglev Brunswick

Heidelberg built for the first maglev a testing facility in Braunschweig. Over a distance of 1.4 km drove 3 vehicles between two stations in the complete system of automatic operation. Professor Herbert woe, Department of Electrical Engineering, organized the test site at the university. In the testing of 325,000 kilometers were driven.

M -Bahn Berlin

In 1983, Heidelberg, with the participation of AEG, the contract for the construction of the maglev test track in Berlin. On the occasion of the 750th anniversary of Berlin, the reference site with the maglev Berlin was opened on 1 May 1987. Four M -Bahn cars were phased in on the demonstration plant in Berlin daily passenger traffic. Rolling stock and stations ( Kemperplatz, Bernburger road, rail triangle) were operated without personnel on the fully automated system. The vehicles drove from 1987 to 1991 in the demonstration and traffic operation.

At the same time founded the Heidelberg Magnet Motor GmbH for the development, testing and production of new electrical drives, electronics and energy storage systems for transit buses, cars and military vehicles, with the participation of Rheinmetall AG motor on the magnetic GmbH.

Stirling engine

To counteract the depletion of fossil fuels such as oil, gas and coal, Heidelberg developed already in the 1980s novel Stirling engines with generators in a closed helium pressure chamber for renewable energies. In addition to hydropower, wind, photovoltaic and solar thermal increasingly bio-energies of renewable fuels such as wood, plants and gasified waste can be used. For power generation applications first went for bio - waste management and recycling in series. Under the name of Thermoelectric converter 30 ( TEK 30 ) have been produced at the Magnet Motor GmbH. These constructions resulted in the Stirling engine in this power class reduced in the dimensions and thus became cheaper and easier.

Wind turbines

In 1985, Götz Heidelberg, the Heidelberg Motor GmbH, which developed new wind turbines with vertical axis system and gearless generators and produced. The generators were integrated permanent magnet ring with Wanderfeldstator.

• Croda Rossa, Bavaria, Mangfallgebirge
• Mt Karisimbi 4,000 m altitude, Rwanda, East Africa, volcanic mountain
• Antarctic German research station

Fuel cell

In 1995, Heidelberg fuel cells that deliver electricity directly from hydrogen. You should first replace the diesel engine in commuter buses. First fuel cells were installed in a car VW Golf 1996 Magna group and started a trial run. In 1998, the Heidelberg Proton Motor GmbH (PM ) for the development and production of fuel cells and their applications. A year later, the first prototype applications of fuel cells were installed as car driving. PEM fuel cells ( proton exchange membrane) to be developed and produced in Heidelberg company Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH in Puchheim. Together with the Magnet Motor GmbH complete fuel cell drive systems for vehicles will be built in Europe. 2001 Heidelberg presented the first fuel cell powered urban bus Neoplan and the third generation of the VW Lupo with gearless wheel drive. The Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH is listed on the London Stock Exchange since 30 October 2006.

Swell

• Aerospace Engineering Aerospace Engineering, Vol 11, No. 2, February 1965: Low-pressure reaction rotor heavy -lift helicopter
• Aerokurier, 8/1965, S.428 -430: vertical and short takeoff
• Süddeutsche Zeitung, 7 Jahrgang/87. Issue of May 21, 1965: Man and Technology
• Süddeutsche Zeitung, No. 163, 9 July 1965 Volker Worl: Rotors and missiles in the forest of Ottobrunn
• Evening newspaper on Sunday, 9th year, September 15, 1968, p 43-44, Hamburg - Munich in 3 hours
• Picture Munich, 21 December 1981 Diether Wintz: Maglev to the Middle Ring
• Technology infrastructure, 1986, Ralf novel Rossberg: Public maglev transport in Berlin starts 1987
• Hobby, the art magazine, No. 11, November 1987, pp. 37-38
• High Tech - High Flyer, No. 3, July / August 1987, p 88: The magnetic - man Götz Heidelberg
• Bayernkurier, November 16, 2000 Joseph Engelbrecht: fuel cell - a fascinating idea