Graduation tower
A graduation is a plant for salt production. It consists of a wooden frame, the (mainly blackthorn ) is filled with fagots. The verb " graduate " means " a substance in a medium concentrate ". In the case of a salt works, the salt content is increased in the water by brine is passed through the brushwood, which naturally evaporates water. In addition, contamination of the brine are deposited on the thorns; thus the quality of the salt produced is increased.
Many salt works are part of a salt plant, which consists of a graduation and a Saline. Frequently graduation are mistakenly referred to as " salt pans ". Sometimes also called brushwood installations in swimming pools graduation that function like graduation, but significantly smaller than plants that are located in the spa park.
Gradierungsverfahren
From the 16th to the 17th century had established itself as a technological innovation called Dorngradierung that there Salinas, whose salt springs had a low salt content, made it possible to versieden a concentrated brine. The brine trickled through meter- high walls of thorns from the branches of the Black mandrel ( Prunus spinosa) and was concentrated by wind and sun. At the same time impurities in the brine set (such as lime or gypsum) from the twigs and form the gray - brown stone mandrel.
This technical procedure replaced the so-called Strohgradierung - the first Strohgradierwerk was built in the 16th century as the history of technology innovation in Bad Kissingen - from the Gradierhäusern perfect, because she made the fast rotting and contaminating the brine straw superfluous and even contributed to the purification of the brine. The high wooden scaffolding of Dorngradierungen, the pumps and the growing Siedeeinrichtungen however, required a high level of capital expenditure, with the result that in many territories of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation increasingly state monopoly Salt Works were founded in the wake of the emerging mercantilist - cameral economic policy.
On Friedrich Born in Unna a so-called wind art was introduced in the 18th century as a technical innovation. The facility served as a drive to lift water to the salt works Friedrichsbau. In Bad Rothenfelde is since 2007 a Kokerwindmühle to see who is on the new graduation; her predecessor served as the mill in Friedrich Born, to convey water on a graduation.
In the first steam power plants were Gradierwerke the dissipation of excess process heat from the condenser. Later, more efficient cooling towers took over this task.
The most highly concentrated brine is obtained with 27 percent salinity in the Thuringian Bad Salzungen.
The eight Bad Kreuznach graduation together have a length of about 1100 m. Since the brine contains no plaster here, the thorn walls need not be renewed frequently.
Current usage of graduation
Graduation are often operated in Germany today for curative purposes and are therefore very often found in spas. Through the trickling brine, the air is enriched near the salt works with brine droplets and aerosol salt, the water droplets bind particles in the air. This has a similar sea air, for example, in pollen allergy sufferers and asthmatics, and other positive. By inhaling salty air, the airways become humidified and affects the walls of the respiratory organs positive. Furthermore, the fine salt crystals have a solvent effect secretion, the airways to Deep Clean of bacteria and allow the mucous decongestant. Many doctors and alternative practitioners recommend for these reasons a longer stay at the seaside or in spas, which have rendered the effect of the salt works to benefit.
Many health resorts (for example, in Bad König Mayrhofen ) was discussed whether the establishment of new small - Gradierwerke their spa facilities sufficiently zuführe many new spa visitors and an appropriate cost -benefit analysis round will be positive. Such a graduation house was built under the name " Sole Arena " at the State Garden Show 2010 in Bad Essen. Miniature graduation can also be installed in confined spaces, where they affect the indoor air positive. Such graduation, there are, for example, in the resort town on the Baltic Sea in Damp KissSalis Therme in Bad Kissingen well as in the Swiss Rheinfelden, recently also in Laguna Asslar at Wetzlar.
Graduation towers serve as landmarks of the places in which they are placed. From the outset as a building that will enable experiences in the environment of the spa system, the reconstruction of the salt works has been designed in Bad Salzuflen, for example.
The special optical structure of brushwood walls provides lighting artists exceptional opportunities for their art practice. Of these, the first time the municipality has Bad Rothenfelde made use in 2007, by she called the Light Art Biennale light vision to life.
Graduation
- Bad Duerrenberg, 's largest contiguous graduation of Germany ( 636 m long)
- Bad Durkheim (330 m long)
- Bad Kösen (325 m long)