Grayling (butterfly)
Ocher Bindiger Samtfalter ( Hipparchia semele )
The ocher -cohesive Samtfalter ( Hipparchia semele ), also called rust napkin, is a butterfly ( butterfly ) of the family Nymphalidae ( Nymphalidae ).
The ocher -cohesive Samtfalter was the proposal of the working group Rheinisch- Westphalian Lepidopterologen eV from the conservation foundation established BUND eV NRW by BUND National Association North Rhine-Westphalia elected butterfly of the year 2005. For this purpose appeared in the journal ' melanargia ', issued by the Association of Rhine - Westphalian Lepidopterologen (XVII volume, issue 1) a detailed report. Reason for choice was the fact that his stock in Germany is at risk. By choosing the ' butterfly of the year ' is to be made in detail to the way of life, the risk factors and the protective measures required of the individual species.
- 2.1 Flight time
Features
The ocher -cohesive Samtfalter has received its name from the rust-red to ocher -colored napkins drawing on the tops of the front and rear wings. In these binding sit in the front wings two black ocelli with showy white cores; on the hind wings there is only one eye spot. The species is very variable depending on the environmental factors and therefore to reliably distinguish only by a genital examination of other species in some cases. In the Mediterranean it is necessary for safe differentiation from related species. The moths reach a wingspan of 42-50 millimeters.
Similar Species
On cursory inspection, a confusion with the Great Forest porter or the little forest porter is possible.
- Great Grayling ( Hipparchia fagi ) ( Scopoli, 1763)
- Small forest porter ( Hipparchia hermione ) (Linnaeus, 1764)
- Rotbindiger Samtfalter ( Arethusana arethusa ) ( Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775)
- Mediterranean forest porter ( Hipparchia Aristaeus ) ( Bonelli, 1826)
- Hipparchia neomiris ( Godart, 1824)
Subspecies
- Hipparchia semele leighebi Kudrna, 1976 Volcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy. The top is colored orange, the scent scales are about 30 % longer. Applies to some authors as a separate article
Molding
As mentioned above, various location factors lead to various forms:
- F cadamus Frustorfer, reduced yellow-orange Postdiskalband on the forewing upper side of the male, Sicily
- F wilkinsoni Kudrna, similar to the Nominatunterart, the male genital apparatus is disproportionately greater.
Way of life
The butterflies lay their eggs in mid-summer from which it hatched caterpillars feed on grasses, especially fescue species and over -winter in the juvenile stage. In early summer the caterpillar burrows to pupate in the upper soil layers. To this end, it requires dry sandy soils warm without dense vegetation, preferably with vacancies. Such conditions can be found on lean Kalktriften and sand dunes, but also shaped by human secondary habitats such as heathland or military training areas in which the vegetation on grazing or the movement of military vehicles is reduced. Therefore, the ocher -cohesive Samtfalter occurs in Germany only in mutually isolated island-like populations. In Munich in the Fröttmaninger Heide, North Rhine -Westphalia, for example, in the Senne, the former ammunition depot Brüggen- Bracht, or Drover Heide. Quite often, the kind found in the dunes and heathland of the German North Sea coast. Here the rust binding occurs regularly and in a stable stock.
Flight time
The ocher -cohesive Samtfalter flies in one generation from June to September. The males emerge earlier than the female, the focus of flight time is in high summer from July to August.
Dissemination
The existence of the ocher cohesive Samtfalters is falling, as many of the vital nutrient for the butterflies and sparsely vegetated surfaces due to the nitrogen input from the air that passes through the rain into the soil to grow. Cause of this " fertilization of the air" are mainly car exhaust and intensive agriculture. In order to ensure the continued existence of the butterfly permanently, alongside local measures, such as keeping open heathland and the military use to military training areas and global efforts to reduce the amounts of waste gas and fertilization in agriculture are required.
The ocher -cohesive Samtfalter is spread almost all over Europe. Its area extends from Portugal to southern Fennoscandia (including Funen, Zealand, Lolland, Falster, Bornholm, Öland, Gotland and Åland ). He is also widespread in southern Serbia and Romania and in Bulgaria. In the UK, Scandinavia and the Baltic states he usually occurs in the coastal areas. He is not represented in Albania, Macedonia and most parts of southern Bulgaria and the Mediterranean islands except North and East Sicily. The species can also be observed in northern Greece. The distribution in Eastern and South-Eastern Europe is poorly known because of the possible confusion with other species.