Greene Vardiman Black
Greene Vardiman Black ( born August 3, 1836 in Winchester, Illinois; † August 31, 1915 in Chicago) was a professor of dentistry at the University of Chicago.
Life
He was one of eight children of a farmer and craftsman, and originally had a strong aversion to the school, which he therefore visited only sporadically. At the age of 17 he became a member of his elder brother Thomas, who led a medical practice in Clayton. For four years he acquired there a comprehensive knowledge of medicine. At 21, an intern for four months in a dental office and then opened his own dental practice in Winchester. Through the friendship of a watchmaker, he acquired additional fine technical knowledge. In 1864 he moved to Jacksonville, where he became acquainted with the writings of Virchow and Darwin. After 1878 the first law on the medical profession in Illinois had been adopted, presented Black, who had enjoyed only about 20 months of primary schooling and not a single university lecture, the test which he passed with excellent marks.
Black taught himself a comprehensive chemical knowledge and is given its own chemical laboratory. He was even asked to keep a chemistry course for high school teachers of Jacksonville. In order to understand the often written in the time in German language scientific journals, he allowed himself to teach from a merchant of German origin German and read Virchow in the original. Inspired by these, he developed a great interest in cellular pathology, a microscope was up and was back in the self-study for single pathologist in the area. In 1870, he received an invitation from the Missouri Dental College, there to teach histology and microscopy, and later pathology and oral surgery. In 1878 he received an honorary doctorate in dentistry. 1883 Black moved to Chicago, where he first taught at the dental clinic and from 1885 at the Chicago College of Dental Surgery. 1890 to 1891 he lectured at the University of Iowa. In 1891 he was appointed professor of bacteriology and pathology of the newly created Northwestern University Dental School in Chicago. In 1897 he became dean of the college.
Research
Among the numerous scientific papers and publications include the works of "Dental Anatomy" from 1890 and " Operative Dentistry" in two volumes by 1908. Phagodynamometers He is the inventor of a device for measuring the bite force.
He set up the Black'schen rules for the cavity preparation to filling therapy. Originally developed for the gold foil filling, they were applied subsequently modified for amalgam fillings:
- Outline form
- Form of resistance
- Retention form
- Relief form
- Finishing
His principle Extension for prevention (extension for prevention ) has now been overtaken by the adhesive filling minimally invasive technique with composite materials mostly and is only applied to strongly kariesanfälligem bite.
He also informed the cavity shapes into five classes of cavity. The cavity classes have maintained their global importance today.
After him by some dentists ( McKay, Burton and Wilson) the endemic occurrence of strange " mottled teeth " ( mottled teeth ) had been reported among residents of Colorado Springs, he went in 1909 to make this city from the phenomenon of an image. Its histological studies were published shortly after his death as part of a series of articles about spotted teeth, in collaboration with Frederick McKay, in the journal "Dental Cosmos " (1916). It should, however, take another 15 years until the cause has been identified to a high fluoride content of local tap water.