Hangar

A hangar ( hangar plural ) is a large hall made of metal, wood, concrete or similar material for aircraft of all kinds as well as helicopters, airships and space shuttles. They are there waiting for or placed as in a garage. On board the aircraft from aircraft carriers as well as the on-board helicopter at other warships are also housed in hangars.

Word origin

The word was borrowed in 1800 from French into the German military language. Frz. hangar means " scales, protective cover" and is itself of Germanic origin: It goes back to altwestfränkisch haimgard, from haim ' home, homestead "(cf. home ) and gard " fenced and therefore protected area, enclosure " (see " Garden " ). Before the invention of the airplane, the word in the military vocabulary in the meaning " shelter for soldiers and weapons " and next to it for " shed for agricultural vehicles and equipment " was needed.

In connection with aircraft " hangar " was demonstrably needed no later than 1902. Thus, the London Daily Chronicle reported on 31 August 1902 on the plans of Santos -Dumont in the Bois de Boulogne build a hangar for his airship want to. When Louis Blériot in 1909 in northern France, in Les Baraques performed a crash landing ( between Sangatte and Calais ), he put his plane into a manufactured by the company REIDsteel steel barn of a farmer. This building Bleriot liked so much that he called at the company and the first three " Angars " ordered produced in Lamotte -Beuvron.

Designs

Depending on the size of aircraft to be housed is a roof structure in the foreground that needs to span the relevant space self-supporting in the planning of a hangar. Yet the ratio between the weight of the roof and supporting surface with increasing size turned unfavorable and requires solutions such as tunnel or dome structures or bracing from the outside, which are rather uncommon in the conventional hall and earlier only representative (because expensive) event halls or large churches reserved were. Based on similar requirements, the first major movie studios in Hollywood were simply designed tunnel - hangars.

Specific forms of hangars are T- hangars - concatenated individual boxes in T-shape - round and hangars or hangar with round parking decks. This type has large-sized, circular, sunken into the ground, rotating discs or circular orbits (circular park rotating rings ) on which several aircraft can be parked. Hangars of this type are mainly designed for small classes of aircraft. In some aircraft hangars can be found lift devices for lifting or hoisting sport aircraft under the hangar ceiling, so that the existing base can be used twice. In addition, the existing surface can be accomplished by nesting of the aircraft, usually using Kullern be used more effectively. Another special hangar form Hardened Aircraft Shelter is the place where on military airfields military aircraft to protect is parked against foreign influence. These are often designed as concrete pipes, which are covered with soil and planted with grass for camouflage.