Haredi Judaism

The ultra-orthodox or charedische Judaism (Hebrew יַהֲדוּת חֲרֵדִית jahadut charedit ) is the theologically and socially conservative direction within Judaism. The common in non-Jewish media label " ultra-Orthodox " is rejected by the followers themselves mostly; they describe themselves as " strictly Orthodox" or " charedisch ". The common Hebrew term for a trailer this direction is also Charedi ( חֲרֵדִי, most Charedim חֲרֵדִים of Charada חֲרָדָה "Fear ", German as " God-fearing "). The ultra-Orthodox Judaism emerged in the 19th century as a response to the Jewish Enlightenment and the emancipation efforts of the Jews in Central and Eastern Europe.

Ultra-Orthodox Jews, there are both among the Ashkenazi as among the Sephardic Jews, but the latter make only around 20 percent. The Ashkenazi ultra-Orthodox Jews are divided into Hasidic and Lithuanian- jeschiwische, also called mitnagdim groups. Externally recognizable by their clothing style, they differ from the other Orthodox Jews, who are often referred to as "modern orthodox ", in that they negative attitude towards worldly knowledge and a strictly regulated, usually oriented to a rabbinic leader life away from the mainstream society, both the Jewish and non-Jewish, lead.

The number of ultra-orthodox Jews is estimated at about 1.3 to 1.5 million worldwide. Of living most of, 700,000, in Israel, where they constitute about 10 percent of the population. In the U.S. and Canada about 500,000 ultra-Orthodox Jews live in Europe there are in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium and Switzerland, larger ultra-orthodox Jewish communities, the largest of them in England, where in 2007 approximately 46,500 ultra-orthodox Jews lived.

Centers of ultra-orthodox Judaism are including in New York, especially in Brooklyn, London, Manchester and Gateshead, in Antwerp, Strasbourg and Zurich. In Israel include Jerusalem, about the district Me'a She'arim in the west of the city, and the cities of Bnei Brak and Beit Shemesh to places with large ultra-Orthodox population; many Charedim live in settlements in the West Bank, such as in Betar Illit and Modi'in Illit.

In Israel go around 60 to 70 percent of haredi Jewish men not work after, but spend their time exclusively in religious schools with the study of religious writings. You will be financially supported by the state and were exempt from compulsory military service by 2014. On March 12, 2014, the Knesset approved the repeal of the population perceived as unjust exemption from military service, as the number of ultra-Orthodox Jews had previously grown over the years. You will now be drawn step by step into military service.

Often the women are working, often a better training than the theological studies operated men. Usually, they get married, aged 18 to 20 years and have an average of seven children. Approximately 60 percent of ultra-Orthodox families in Israel live in poverty.

In his attitude towards the state of Israel is the ultra-Orthodox Judaism, both in Israel and outside, split. Some groups oppose the State of Israel into its present form, as they believe only the Messiah can re- establish a Jewish state; this includes, inter alia, Neturei Karta and brought together in the organization Edah HaChareidis groups. Other actively participate despite their rejection of Zionism in Israeli politics; Examples are Agudat Jisra'el Degel HaTorah and as the representative of ultra-orthodox Ashkenazi. A third group, especially Sephardic Jews, who are represented by the party Shas, advocated Zionism.

In Israel, ultra-Orthodox groups and parties have, both Zionist and non- Zionist, since the founding of the state a significant political influence, as without their support often come about no government majorities. Also a major influence on Israeli society exercises the Chief Rabbinate from the present two ultra-Orthodox Chief Rabbi, an Ashkenazi and Sephardic one, protrude, as it is responsible for many civil justice issues.

There are considerations of the Israeli state, a non- Jewish newspapers referred to as ultra-Orthodox group Lev Tahor to ban, because there are rumors of forced marriages in this group. The classification of Lev Tahor as ultra-Orthodox is problematic in that this group is now rejected by all other ultra-Orthodox groups.

Setting for family

For ultra-Orthodox Jews, but also for many other religious Jews, it is important that their children do not marry non-Jews. Therefore, the religious Shas party is outraged when newspapers reported that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu 's son Yair Netanyahu let go through a " shiksa " as a friend .. Their MP Nissim Zeev laments: "This is a big problem The Prime Minister wearing a national responsibility. the Jewish people, he must live in his own house. every Jew wants his son to marry a Jewish girl. "