Hedwig Conrad-Martius
Hedwig Conrad- Martius ( born February 27, 1888 in Berlin, † February 15, 1966 in Starnberg ) was a German philosopher.
Life
Hedwig Conrad- Martius was the daughter of the physician Friedrich Martius and his wife Martha. Her father headed the University Clinic in Rostock and was the founder of the modern constitution research. After completion of the baccalaureate at Helene Lange, who had set up in Berlin secondary school classes for girls, Hedwig Martius began university studies as one of the first women in Germany.
First she studied literature and history in Rostock and Freiburg, then from 1909/10 Philosophy in Munich at Moritz Geiger. In the winter semester in 1911/12 they moved to the University in Göttingen, where she was accepted into the circle of students of Husserl. Your follow later Edith Stein and Freiburg Gerda Walther.
After a short time she took over the management of the newly founded " Philosophical Society Göttingen". This group, which was later called " Munich - Göttingen - Phänomenologenschule " included, in addition Theodor Conrad, the founder of the Philosophical Society, among other Winthrop Bell, Jean Hering, Fritz Kaufmann, Alexandre Koyré, Hans Lipps, Edith Stein, Dietrich von Hildebrand and Alfred von Sybel on. During the First World War formed around the couple of Conrads a smaller group that respects the substance of Adolf Reinach and oriented to the end of the 20s regularly in the House of Conrad got together (hence " Bergzaberner circle ").
Her research activity has been temporarily made very difficult by a partial publication ban imposed by the Nazis. After the Second World War, Hedwig Conrad- Martius could once again focus on the philosophy and in 1949 professor of natural philosophy, and in 1955 an honorary professor in Munich.
In 1958 she was awarded the Grand Cross of Merit.
Work
Realontologie
Hedwig Conrad- Martius was of the view that the later transcendental phenomenology of Husserl and idealistic is the phenomenon of reality not just and developed his own theory, which they referred to as " ontological phenomenology ".
Developed by her Realontologie is also the foundation of their later research on natural philosophy, their cosmology, and their investigations into time and space. The basic standpoint of their ontological phenomenology: The perception of yourself pointing things ( φαινόμενον - something that shows up - phenomenon ), we know them. The problem of being treated Hedwig Conrad- Martius in her work, "Being ", as well as in their " Realontologie ".
Space and time
Conrad- Martius developed her portrayal of nature in dealing with the science of their time, especially physics, and here the inclusion of the results of the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.
She writes: " The curved space is indeed finite but unbounded " and determines the basis of the analogy of the three-dimensional space and the two-dimensional spherical surface, which is not limited, but is finite. To ensure that the three-dimensional space but must be thought extended by one dimension. ( by: Alexandra Elisabeth Pfeiffer, Hedwig Conrad- Martius, p 117).
There are according to Conrad- Martius three possible relations of time and the world:
Conclusions
Conrad- Martius concludes that the time only this can finally be, when taken together as a cyclically with yourself, because one runs " straight " time to infinity. Cyclic time it transforms again into a finite, but unbounded time.
In contrast to the space, the time, however, moved its essence is grounded in seinsfundierende movement - if it moves cyclically, they can continue to run in an infinite cycle.
Writings
- The epistemological foundations of positivism, Bergzabern 1920
- Metaphysical discussions, Halle 1921
- Realontologie, in: Yearbook of Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 6 ( 1923), 159-333
- For ontology and appearance teaching the real external world. Connected to a critique of positivist theories, in: Yearbook of Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 3 (1916 )
- The "soul" of the plant. Biology and ontological considerations, Wroclaw 1934
- Theory of evolution, Munich, 1949 ( Originally titled "Origin and Structure of the living cosmos " appeared, Cosmos 1938)
- Self-assembly of nature, entelechies and energies, Hamburg 1944
- The Living, The finiteness of the world, Man, Three Dispute, Munich 1951
- The time Munich in 1954
- Utopias of human breeding. Social Darwinism and its consequences, Munich 1955
- Being, Munich 1957
- The room, Munich 1958
- The spiritual soul of man, Munich 1960
- Writings on the philosophy of I-III, with the consent of the author published by Eberhard Avé - Lallemant, Munich 1963-1965