Helsinki tram
The tram Helsinki is operated by the municipal transport company Helsingin Kaupungin liikennelaitos ( HKL). It is part of the regional transport system organized by the HSL transport system.
- 4.2.1 Variobahn
- 4.2.2 Transtech Niederflurwagen
- 4.3.1 No. 150
- 4.3.2 "Type Mannheim " No. 151 to 154
- 4.3.3 No. 161-166
History
The tram service in Helsinki began with horse trams in 1891. Soon was converted to electric operation and pulled 1901 the last horse-drawn carriage from the market. However, no changes were made so that the tram up today runs on 1000 mm narrow gauge on the gauge. New routes were not built over decades, however, the existing network was constantly maintained and upgraded as needed with additional tracks or guided parts. On 10 August 2008, the first new line, the section of the new line was 9 reopened between the stop and Helsinginkatu Itä- Pasila after a long time. The route extension took his 2012 sequel. On 1 January 2012, the extension of line 8 went into operation. It is half a mile long and runs in a southerly direction from Salmissaari on the Crusellbrücke after Jätkäsaari. Thus, the three new stations Länsisatamankatu, Crusellinsilta and the new terminal Saukonpaasi emerged.
Line network
Currently (August 2013), there are twelve in Helsinki tram lines that slightly fewer passengers than the Metro Helsinki. A total of 55.6 million passengers were transported in 2005.
Engineering and Infrastructure
The tram is a tram in the classical sense ( no rail ), all routes run on roads, some of them on a separate track bed beside the road or in their midst. It is in each case for both directions of a private track. The track width is 1000 mm ( meter gauge ). The power supply to 600 V DC via an overhead line.
The tram has its own light installations that take colors symbols: A vertical arrow stands for " Free Ride ", a dash for " Warning " and the letter S for " stop". There is sometimes a telematics priority control over the private transport.
All tram lines are designed for unidirectional operation, ie they have a ( e) turning loop or triangle at the end. Since the new Vario trams are means railcars, nothing will change it in the near future.
Rolling stock
In fleet of HKL are about 130 rail cars of the regular service.
High -floor cars
The majority of trains in use dates from the 1970s and 1980s. They were built in Finland by Valmet, but are often mistaken for congeners of the M- car or for Tatra cars. In fact, numerous components such as bogies, axle gear and folding doors are the standard car of the company Düwag. Inside, they are equipped with comfortable padded seats and optical stops ads, but acoustic stops announcements are missing. Overall, the interior is decorated in different shades of green and blue.
No. I
With 40 vehicles represent the 20-meter six-axis of the built 1973-1975 type No. I ( car numbers 31-70 ), almost half of the high-floor car park. When this car is the world's first series-produced vehicles with tram DC chopper control. Externally they differ from type No. II through the round tail lights. Over the years, the original Schaffner courses were expanded to the cart, and predominantly technical innovations carried out in two modernization programs so that they will be a few more years in service. Your decommissioning is intended for the years from 2014, after the commissioning of Transtech - low-floor trams. Contrary to initial plans, the contract for the modernization and equipment of ten vehicles with a low-floor center section to the German company VIS was granted in Halberstadt in January 2012. At the same time two options for finishing each other five vehicles were agreed.
No. II / MLNRV
The built in the years 1983-1987 in 42 specimens, six-axle follow-up type No. II ( car numbers 71-112 ) visually differs only slightly from its predecessors. The cars were, however, equipped according to technical progress, with a more modern vehicle control. The most striking differences from the Type No. I are the quieter operating noise of the electronics, the longer roof container on the rear of the vehicle and the square taillights. These cars were modernized in two programs.
The first of the No. 80 car in 2006 was tentatively extended with a low floor center section to a Achtachser, as was done for example in Tallinn, Duisburg, Mannheim and Zurich. Because of their experience and the targeted long service life all vehicles of the type No. II were converted accordingly from 2008. The converted cars are now 26.5 meters long and have the new type designation MLNRV. The reconstruction program of this series took place in October 2011 with the No. 95 car its conclusion. In contrast to the fully low floor Vario tracks this lowered only in the central part cars are not reported in the schedules of HKL as low-floor vehicles.
Niederflurwagen
Variobahn
A total of 40 new, 5-part low-floor vehicles of the type Variobahn were between 1998 and 2003 in two series purchased by the manufacturer Adtranz ( car numbers 201-240 ). They replaced the driving since 1959 car of class 59, of which the last 2003 disappeared.
Its interior is decorated mainly in light gray as with most modern cars, the seats are much harder than the Valmet car and covered with garish orange fabric. In the central part there are two small tables on which the current free newspaper is to find metro daily. The Vario sheets for Helsinki were first fitted in rail car with underfloor heating. The personal settings for driver's seat and exterior mirrors are also stored on a chip card and set automatically when a change of personnel.
After a short period of use was found that the vehicles were not up to the climatic conditions in Finland. Due to technical problems they had to be withdrawn from the market again and again. This led to long negotiations with the company Bombardier, which had the company bought Adtranz now. Since 2007, all Vario tracks are serviced by Bombardier, the closed contract also stipulates that the simultaneous failure of 8 vehicles, the entire series can be returned. By the manufacturer to extensive improvements have been made. The availability has increased significantly by this measure. The rides with Vario paths are indicated in the schedules of HVAC bold as low-floor trams. According to field observations, the proposed rounds are now again maintained very reliable.
Transtech Niederflurwagen
On 25 March 2011, HKL announced the result of an invitation to tender for forty new low-floor vehicles in truck technology. The cars, worth over 113 million euros to be built and delivered by the Finnish company Transtech. First of two prototypes are produced and in regular operation, even in winter, tested from 2013. The serial delivery of a further 38 cars scheduled to begin in 2014 and lead to the replacement of the high -floor cars of type No. I. Furthermore, an option for 90 additional cars was agreed. An initial design study of the vehicles were displayed at the show Hidesign in Helsinki in June 2012.
Used purchases
From 2004 to 2007, the HKL ten different cars bought used from Mannheim and Ludwigshafen (see in the various sub-sections ). All of the cars were technically overhauled and equipped with a new dashboard. A radio in the cab and a washer were retrofitted. Originally only half-height door to the driver's cab has been extended by a shell. The operating direction of the hand-operated crank handle drive switch was changed according to the usual manner in Helsinki ( Helsinki Driving in clockwise, counterclockwise brakes - in Mannheim and Ludwigshafen, this was the other way around ). Between 2008 and 2009, the travel switch were equipped with a servo controller, which greatly simplifies the operation for the driver. The crank has since no longer plugged in and only used for fault cases as Notfahrmöglichkeit. The acquisitions are significantly improved by the availability of the Vario tracks only sporadically in use. Most operate from Monday to Friday, one or two cars at peak times in the regular service. However, they are kept ready for operation. Individual vehicles serve special purposes.
The types are as follows:
# 150
In 2004, the HKL acquired the Achtachser No. 150 of the transport companies Ludwigshafen am Rhein. This was used to test whether the structurally similar, private vehicles could be expanded without amplification of the drives to Achtachsern and would meet the requirements in the urban network. The car was used until July 2005 in the regular service and then used as an operating reserve. Since mid-2006, it serves as a party car. These golden trim were dissuaded and equipped the car inside with curtains, fabric upholstered seats, carpets, a music system and a counter at the former pushchair space. The car is in Helsinki is the only Achtachser with hochflurigem door and Wi midsection.
"Type Mannheim " No. 151 to 154
In spring 2005, HKL bought the four discarded six-axle No. 453, 456, 457 and 455 of the " Mannheim model " from the eponymous town, and lined them up in your own car park in this order as No. 151 to 154 a. The purchase was intended to compensate for the losses caused by the repair times for the Vario race - especially with regard to the World Athletics Championships in 2005 Later the car was purchased as a 451 replacement donors. . He had already been used in Mannheim for parts recovery and was scrapped after strengthening of the required spare parts in 2008. The four tracks have never in Helsinki, the traditional color scheme of green / cream worn but were pasted from the start with about half a year to annually changing Quite signs. In contrast to the local tracks on which advertising is placed only very sparingly, they are very striking phenomena in the streets.
No. 161-166
Due to the ongoing problems with the Vario Railways also be bought from 2007, six Mannheimer Umbauachtachser with low-floor midsection No 517, 519, 523, 503, 507 and 510, and strung them together in this order with the numbers 161-166 in the car park a. These cars were built as six-axis between 1962 and 1964 and 1991 and 1992 extended to Achtachsern. Thus, they are by far the oldest line of vehicles in the car park of the HKL. Before first use in Finland each car a thorough overhaul was subjected so that the last car actually went into operation after the " Variobahn crisis". The carriage 162 and 164, as the Mannheim model, used with alternating full- signs. With 161 cars sightseeing tours are conducted carriage 163 is a spare vehicle, car 165 was placed at the end of 2011 out of service.
The most extensive reconstruction was carried out on the car 166 (ex 510). He was completely remodeled inside with new, diagonally facing seats in the rear part, small seating groups in the front part, a color- changeable LED interior lights and monitors on the ceiling. The car body was outside covered with a metal foil that shimmers depending on the sunlight and viewing direction in different colors, in front of the pantograph an illuminated sculpture was mounted on the roof. As a " culture Tram " is the car since September 2010 on the road at certain times on each specified lines. During the journey, music, cabaret or other artistic performances are listed on a small stage in the low-floor midsection.
Swell
- Suomen Raitiotieseura ry. ( finn. / Eng. )