Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine
White crystals
Fixed
1.57 g · cm -3
Rapid decomposition above 150 ° C.
Insoluble in water and organic solvents
Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available
Hexamethylentriperoxiddiamin, often abbreviated as HMTD, is an organic compound, an amine having three peroxide groups. According to IUPAC nomenclature is, the compound 1,6 -diaza -3 - ,4,8,9,12,13 hexaoxabicyclo [ 4.4.4 ] tetradecane.
History
Hexamethylentriperoxiddiamin was first described by L. Legler in Dresden from ammonia and acid lamp made in 1885 ( a mixture of acetic acid, acetaldehyde, and formic acid). In 1900, Baeyer Villiger and succeeded the appearance of ammonium sulfate, formaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Conway Freiherr von Girsewald from Berlin- Hallensee reported it in 1912 as a primary explosive for a patent and developed a still used method for the synthesis.
Production and representation
It is prepared according to the method described for the first time in 1912 by the reaction of hexamethylenetetramine with hydrogen peroxide and citric acid as a catalyst. In the preparation is to be noted that the reaction is highly exothermic. When the temperature increases, initially reduces the HMTD formation at high temperatures can occur already in the synthesis of an explosion.
Properties
Pure Hexamethylentriperoxiddiamin is a crystalline white solid. The compound is only sparingly soluble in water and most organic solvents. HMTD is a relatively stable organic peroxide. However, already hot water leads to decomposition with evolution of oxygen. Dried Hexamethylentriperoxiddiamin is an extremely effective initiating explosive; exposure to shock, heat, friction, or sparks can lead to detonation. Even when printing with metal spatulas or other hard objects as well as UV light exposure, the peroxide can - like almost all primary explosives - detonate. HMTD never itself forms large crystals. Even with prolonged storage over 12 months at 40 ° C, the sublimation rate is only 0.02 % with unchanged crystal size, but during decomposition takes place.
Use
HMTD was tested as an initiating explosive for less sensitive explosives and proved to be superior to the mercury fulminate. In open accumulation it fizzles out in larger quantities (several grams) only while it durchdetoniert readily at low inclusion or even pressed. However, it still found no practical use because it is unstable and mechanically against moisture and gradually decomposes on storage. It is less sensitive to impact than many other primary explosives, but has a considerable explosive force and crushed in the sand test about 2.5 to 3 times more sand than mercury fulminate. HMTD explodes on so-called monkey trial already with a 2 kg drop hammer from a height of 10 cm.
Safety
Hexamethylentriperoxiddiamin is an initiating explosive and therefore particularly explosive. It may be caused by increased temperature, ignition sources, or mechanical effects such as friction or shock to the explosion, but also when it is exposed to UV radiation or sunlight. Similarly, it may detonate upon prolonged storage in contact with other chemical compounds and elements, particularly with metals, or already own decomposition products. In case of insufficient cooling during the manufacturing process, it may also react in an undesired manner. When dealing greatest caution and care are to exercise and to take special precautions. Stored under water it is explosive, but decomposes slowly even at room temperature. Dealing with more than very small quantities is irresponsible, given the risk of spontaneous reaction is ubiquitous.
Right
HMTD subject to the Explosives Act (in particular, the licensing requirement under § 7 and § 27 of the Explosives Act, provided no exceptions for research and teaching after the first regulation on the Explosives Act access ).