Hieracium pilosella
Hawkweed ( Hieracium pilosella )
The Small hawkweed ( Hieracium pilosella, Syn: Pilosella officinarum ) is a species in the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). It is also known as mouse -ear hawkweed.
Description
The leafless, graufilzige stems of perennial, herbaceous plant reaches heights of growth 5-30 centimeters. The narrow - ovate, ganzrandigen leaves form a basal rosette from which extend up to 30 inches long, above-ground runners with daughter rosettes. They are covered at the top with long hair, underside gray felt. When dry, the leaves are rolled, wherein the bright, light reflecting bottom is facing the outside, to reduce the heating.
As flowers solitary standing cup from up to 64 bright yellow ray florets are formed which reach a diameter of 2 to 3 centimeters. Outdoor standing individual flowers are often streaked red. The linear shaped bracts are 1-2 mm wide and gray felt. The flowering season is from May to October.
As fruits ungeschnäbelte achenes with pappus are formed, which are tolerated by the wind or stick to the wet fur of animals remain. As Schirmchenflieger the fruits have a settling velocity of 20 cm per second; so flight distances over 10 km are possible. The main propagation occurs well as water Hafter
The fruit ripens from July to September.
Distribution and habitat requirements
The Small hawkweed is widespread throughout Europe, as well as in Asia in the Caucasus and western Siberia. In New Zealand, the United States and Canada it was introduced. The species is a light plant, the preferred nitrogen- salt- poor soils. They are often found on dry grassland, in Heiden, along paths and boundary ridges, in open woods and in crevices.
Ecology
The Small hawkweed is a perennial rosette plant with streamers.
The flowers are "basket of flowers leontodon type ".
The species reproduces both vegetatively and by pollination. The Vegetative propagation is done by up to 30 cm long streamers with a terminal rosette.
Main pollinators are members of the genus of hairy bees ( Panurgus ), comb out the pollen with all legs. The edge regions of the flowers reflect UV light, which can appear in two colors, the flowers for pollinators in contrast to the otherwise similar forest - hawkweed ( Hieracium murorum ). The flowers are open when the sun from 8:00 bis 15:00 clock. Spontaneous self-pollination is successful, but the seeds are usually the apomictically.
System
The Small hawkweed belongs to the genus of hawkweed ( Hieracium ), where it is in the sub-genre of mouse ear hawkweed ( Hieracium subg. Pilosella ) provided.
Use
The Small hawkweed is used as a wild garden plant for sunny walls and other dry locations. However, it tends to have a strong propagation. In Denmark it is used as a cannabis substitute.