Hordeum

1: Mouse barley ( Hordeum murinum ) 2: rye barley ( Hordeum secalinum ) 3: beach barley ( Hordeum marinum )

Barley ( Hordeum ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family of grasses ( Poaceae ). Currently, 32 species are distinguished, which are prevalent in Europe, Asia, North America, South America and South Africa. The most important and most cultivated species is the cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare), of occurring in Southwest Asia wild barley ( Hordeum vulgare subsp. Spontaneum ) is derived. Other species such as mice and beach barley have been introduced in many parts of the world from the people and spread there as weeds.

Karyotype

The karyotype is based on all barley types on a chromosome set of seven chromosomes ( x = 7). There are diploid (2n = 14), tetraploid (2n = 28) and hexaploid (2n = 42) species and in some species also comes within the type before a different number of chromosomes. So there are the mice barley subsp subspecies H. murinum. leporinum both with four times as six times and the beach barley H. gussoneanum with two - and four-fold set of chromosomes. It is believed that the genome of the species are based on four types that are referred to as I, Xa, Xu H. The H- type comes bulbosum in the cultivated barley (H. vulgare) and H., Xu - type only in the mouse barley and the Xa - type only in the two beach barley. All other species have the I-type. Polyploid species can combine several types of genomes. Example, there are the genomes of rye barley (H. secalinum ), by H. capense and hexaploid H. brachyantherum - cytotypes of a combination of I and Xa genome. This proves that it came through hybridization within the barley to speciation, which phylogenetic studies difficult.

Species

The genus Hordeum currently includes about 32 species:

  • Hordeum arizonicum Covas; occurs mainly in Arizona, but also in California and Mexico.
  • Hordeum bogdanii Wilensky; occurs in Central Asia, Afghanistan, southern Siberia, Mongolia and China.
  • Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski; Coverage: Western North America, from California to Alaska, Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands, in Newfoundland and Labrador.
  • Hordeum brevisubulatum ( Trin. ) link; Area of ​​distribution: from western Turkey to China; with the subspecies: subsp. brevisubulatum
  • Subsp. iranicum Bothmer
  • Subsp. nevskianum ( Bowden ) Tzvelev
  • Subsp. turkestanicum ( Nevski ) Tzvelev
  • Subsp. violaceum ( Boiss. & Huet ) Tzvelev
  • Subsp. glaucum ( Steud. ) Tzvelev
  • Subsp. leporinum (Link) Arcang.
  • Subsp. montanum ( Hack. ) H.Scholz & Out
  • Subsp. murinum
  • Subsp. setariurum H.Scholz & Out
  • Subsp. magellanicum ( Parodi & Nicora )
  • Subsp. mustersii ( Nicora ) Bothmer, Giles & N. Jacobsen
  • Subsp. patagonicum
  • Subsp. santacrucense ( Parodi & Nicora ) Bothmer, Giles & N. Jacobsen
  • Subsp. setifolium ( Parodi & Nicora ) Bothmer, Giles & N. Jacobsen
  • Wild barley ( Hordeum vulgare subsp spontaneum (K. Koch) Thell; Syn: .. Hordeum spontaneum K. Koch ); originally in the area of ​​Greece and Egypt to Afghanistan, Pakistan and Tajikistan.
  • Cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp vulgare. ), With the forms: Row barley (Hordeum vulgare var distichon (L.) Hack; . But also as a separate species, Hordeum distichon L., viewed )
Pooideae Triticeae Digital Object Identifier
260985
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