Hornisgrinde

The Hornisgrinde seen from the northeast Hohloh from

The Hornisgrinde is 1163 m above sea level. NHN is the highest mountain in the northern Black Forest. It is a long ridge with a length of approximately two kilometers and lies approximately north-south orientation.

• 3.1 Dreifürstenstein
• 3.2 Military use

• 4.1 Observation tower
• 4.2 Signal Tower
• 4.3 Winter Sports 4.3.1 Alpine
• 4.3.2 Cross-country skiing

• 5.1 Wind Park
• 5.2 transmitters 5.2.1 Southwest Broadcasting
• 5.2.2 German Telekom
• 5.2.3 Vodafone

Name

The name derives probably from the Latin mons grinto what as much as swampy head (mons, montis (lat ): the mountain ) means and refers to the raised bog. Another interpretation of the name is derived from the words horn, abused and derived grind and means as much as bald ridge that carries on its height a bog.

Geography

The summit ridge of Hornisgrinde is framed by Muhrkopf ( 1003.4 m above sea level. NHN ) at Unterstmatt the north and the Mummelsee ( 1028.5 m above sea level. NHN ) in the south. In the west the slope in about 900 to 1000 m height through the Black Forest High Road (B 500) is cut through, to the east of the slope falls steeply to the glacial Kar Biberkessel with the silted Blindsee from. The summit ridge is in the southwest in the 1123 m above sea level. NHN high on cat's head, in the southeast of the ridge falls away towards Seibelseckle. The cat's head and the southeastern ridge of the Hornisgrinde form the cirques of Mummelsees.

To the west the land falls from the top of Hornisgrinde to the Rhine Valley from only 8 km over 1000 meters in altitude.

Grind and raised bog

The grind, treeless wet heath on the plateau, emerged after the clearing of the forest and the subsequent use as grazing land from the 15th century. In contrast, the up to five meters thick peat bog in the southeastern area of the summit plateau is inherently not wooded. It is believed that it is at least 6,000 years.

Parts of the plateau with the high moor and the Karwand to Biberkessel been, since 1992 the 95 -hectare nature reserve Hornisgrinde - Biberkessel.

Climate

The Hornisgrinde is one of the wettest places in Germany. The average annual rainfall is 1931 l / m ( = mm). About 99 % of the stations of the German Weather Service indicate lower values. The driest month is February; most rains in June. The wettest month falls about 1.4 times more rainfall than the driest month. The seasonal fluctuations in precipitation are in the upper third. In over 81% of all places in the monthly rainfall varies less.

History

Dreifürstenstein

The Dreifürstenstein is a red sandstone slab that is located on the southeastern edge of the plateau. It dates from 1722 and marked the border between the Margraviate of Baden, the Duchy of Württemberg and the Bishopric of Strasbourg. Today, the point is the district boundary between the municipalities of Baden Sasbach, Seebach and the town of Baiersbronn, Wuerttemberg dar. With a height of 1151 m above sea level. NN is the Dreifürstenstein the highest point Württemberg.

Military use

In 1938, the entire southern region of the summit level was declared a closed military zone. From 1942, used by the German Air Force as air defense position, took over in 1945, French air forces the location. These operated on the Hornisgrinde a listening station on behalf of the French foreign intelligence service DGSE or SDECE. Later the site was also used in parallel by the Bundeswehr and NATO. After the system went out of service in 1994 and then lay fallow for several years, in 1997 the exclusion zone has been released. 1999 took over the communities bordering the previously state-owned land. Some of the buildings and towers are still standing, but fall rapidly. In the 1960s there existed a designed as a wood truss structure transmission tower.

Tourism

About the ridge leads to the western route, along the western and Südabhangs runs the Black Forest High Road with a large car park at the Mummelsee. From there, a path leads with diagrams of the nature center hearthstone on the summit level, which passes through the bog with a boardwalk. On the western slope of the Hornisgrinde lies the village of Sasbachwalden, known for its timber and flowers.

Observation tower

At the southern end, above the Mummelsees, stands the 23 m high Hornisgrindeturm. Its construction dates back to the 1910 initiative of the Baden Black Forest Association. As building material pending sandstone was used in the vicinity. Together with the Mummelsee, the tower was at the time one of the most popular destinations in the region. In 1942, he was seized by the German Luftwaffe. After the Second World War took him the French military. In 2000, the Waldgenossenschaft Seebach has acquired the tower back from the federal government and transferred to the municipality Seebach on a long lease. On 29 May 2005, the tower was reopened to the public. He was appointed by the Memorial Foundation of Baden-Württemberg to the " Monument of the Month June 2005." With a relatively clear day one has a panoramic view of numerous mountains of the Black Forest, the Vosges, parts of the Palatinate Forest and the Swabian Alb from the tower. For a good view to the south some of the peaks of the Alps can be seen.

Signal Tower

At the highest point of the mountain, in the middle of the summit level, there is another tower, the seven meters high, built around 1840 signal tower. This was converted in 1892 by mounting a staircase on the outside in an observation tower, however, was inaccessible during the military use of the summit. In 2000, the also called the Bismarck tower building was renovated and made ​​accessible again by an external, steel spiral staircase.

Winter sports

Alpine

Right on the Hornisgrinde there is no lift facility. However, north of the summit is the ski circus Unterstmatt, with two lifts on the northern slope of the Muhrkopfes and the lift Ochsenstall. In the south of the ski lift Seibelseckle is adjacent.

Cross-country skiing

To the top of the Hornisgrinde around leads a 14- mile loop trail, which result from the partial distances Mummelseeloipe ( 6 km), Hundsrücken trail (4,5 km ) and the connecting trail Ochsenstall - Seibelseckle composed ( 3.5 km). She is groomed for classic and skating technique. Job opportunities are located at Mummelsee, the saddle and the saddle Seibelseckle Unterstmatt.

Technical development

North of the moor there are three wind turbines, a transmission tower of the SWR and a transmission tower of Deutsche Telekom. On Dreifürstenstein are enclosed steel lattice towers used a military facility.

Wind farm

Because of the high average speed of 5.2 m / s annual mean a commercial wind farm was built on the Hornisgrinde the mid-1990s. 1994 as a private initiative two wind turbines built at each 110 kW of power, a third with 132 kW followed in 1996. As with many other wind farms is controversial here on the exposed site.

Transmission facilities

Southwest Broadcasting

To the north of the highest point there is a 206 m high radio tower of the SWR (SWR ) in reinforced concrete, which was built from 1971 to 1972. The tower is not accessible to the public.

German Telekom

At the northern end of the summit plateau there is a transmission tower of Deutsche Telekom AG. This, inter alia, is home to a relay station for Amateur Television. Until 2005, the program of the Germany radio was broadcast from this tower before the station was relocated to higher and thus more extensive SWR tower.

Geographic coordinates: 48 ° 36 ' 52 " N, 8 ° 12' 13" O48.6145277777788.2036111111111. Also, this tower is not open to the public.

Vodafone

At the southern end of the summit plateau is a designed as a free-standing steel framework construction Tower of Vodafone Germany, which was built in 2008. This houses a GSM and LTE base station and serves as a radio relay nodes.