Hybrid rocket

Hybrid rocket used to generate the thrust of a rocket engine is combined with the fuel in solid form with a liquid oxidizer. Advantages of hybrid rockets are simpler design and the inherent safety. They therefore often presented a development step for liquid rocket represents (eg Soviet Union in 1933 GIRD - 09). So far, only small to medium hybrid rockets were built, but also orbital rockets are now planned.

General

The use of certain fuels (eg, lithium, beryllium ) and oxidants ( eg, oxygen, fluorine, FLOX, oxygen difluoride ), hybrid rockets Specific impulses as the most powerful meet or exceed in use liquid propellant rockets.

Research on hybrid rockets there again in Germany since the 1960s ( Barbarella ). Also led the research in France ( LEX) and the USA ( Amroc, Dolphin, Hyperion, hysr, SpaceShipOne ) to airworthy experimental rockets.

1974 Barbarella was the first German hybrid rocket launched from. Today it is on display in the Deutsches Museum Munich. Also, some model rocket clubs, such as the DERA have already built hybrid rocket and started successfully. The first private manned space flight of SpaceShipOne in 2003 was also driven by a hybrid rocket motor.

The combustion chamber is similar to solid rocket consists of a cylindrical container and is the reservoir for the solid component of the fuel dar. The liquid oxidizer flowing through a tube, through the solid fuel, and can thus react with it.

Special shapes

Since the surface of the solid fuel normally increases during operation, must be injected into a special post-combustion chamber for better combustion of the solid fuel, the liquid fuel component. Furthermore, it is possible to spray the liquid component through an axial front of the spray lance nozzle throat.