Hydnophytum

Hydnophytum formicarum

Hydnophytum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae ( Rubiaceae ). The botanical genus name Hydnophytum derives from the two Greek words hydnon, oidnon for edible mushroom, truffle and phyton for plant from.

Description

Hydnophytum species are epiphytic, perennial herbaceous plants to subshrubs, ie some species become woody something. The lower portion of the stem axis thickened bulbous, so they are caudiform, it is a Hypokotylknolle. This thickening is hollow chambers, so-called " Domatien " train. About the thickening sit for one or several most weakly woody side shoot axes. The against-constant leaves are simple and leathery. They are small, interpetiolare Stipules present that are durable or fall off early.

At each leaf node only one inflorescence is pendant is formed which contains bündelig few flowers. The sessile, fourfold flowers are usually hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual. The four durable sepals are usually grown on the majority of its length, so that often only short calyx teeth are visible. The four petals are fused cup-shaped to closely funnel-shaped. The inside of the corolla tube may be hairy fluffy. The four stamens arise in the corolla tube and have very short stamens. The two carpels are fused to an inferior ovary. In each fruit accounts compartment is only an upright ovule. The long and short style ends in a bilobed scar. They are usually heterostyl. The brightly colored fruits are split more or less oval to top-shaped and disintegrate at maturity in two partial fruits.

Ecology

Hydnophytum species live symbiotically with ants, so it is ant-plants ( " Myrmekophyten "). The plant provides residential and Nisträume so -called " Domatien " and sometimes food in the form of extra-floral nectaries on. There is also Myrmekotrophie; the epiphytic lifestyle often requires a reduced supply of nutrients and the legacies of ants lead to a better supply of nutrients. The following ant species live together with Hydnophytum species: Crematogaster deformis Sm, Sm Iridomyrmex cordatus, Iridomyrmex myrmecodiae Emery. and Pheidole javana Mayr.

Systematics and distribution

Hydnophytum species occur in the Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Indochina and in much of times Parisiens to the south-western Pacific islands. For example Hydnophytum formicarum Jack is widely used in Malaysia's or Hydnophytum ferrugineum PIForst. occurs only in the Australian state of Queensland. 42 species are native to New Guinea and associated islands.

The first publication of the genus Hydnophytum in 1823 by William Jack in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 14, pp. 124 Hydnophytum formicarum Jack is the type species of the genus. A synonym for Hydnophytum Jack is Lasiostoma Benth.

The genus belongs to the subtribe Hydnophytum Hydnophytinae in the tribe Psychotrieae within the subfamily Rubioideae the Rubiaceae family.

There are about 50 to 90 Hydnophytum types:

  • Hydnophytum agatifolium Valeton
  • Hydnophytum albense Valeton
  • Hydnophytum albertisii Becc.
  • Hydnophytum alboviride Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum amboinense Becc.
  • Hydnophytum amplifolium S.Moore
  • Hydnophytum andamanense Becc.
  • Hydnophytum angustifolium Merr.
  • Hydnophytum archboldianum Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum blumei Becc.
  • Hydnophytum borneanum Becc.
  • Hydnophytum brachycladum Merr.
  • Hydnophytum bracteatum Valeton
  • Hydnophytum brassii S.Moore
  • Hydnophytum buxifolium Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum camporum S.Moore
  • Hydnophytum capitatum Valeton
  • Hydnophytum confertifolium Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum contortum Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum cordifolium Valeton
  • Hydnophytum coriaceum Becc.
  • Hydnophytum costatum Drake
  • Hydnophytum crassicaule P.Royen
  • Hydnophytum crassifolium Becc.
  • Hydnophytum cuneatum Valeton
  • Hydnophytum decipiens Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum dipteropodum ( K.Schum. & Lauterb. ) Valeton
  • Hydnophytum dolichophyllum Valeton
  • Hydnophytum ellipticum Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum ferrugineum P.I.Forst.
  • Hydnophytum forbesii Hook.f.
  • Hydnophytum formicarum Jack
  • Hydnophytum grandiflorum Becc.
  • Hydnophytum grandifolium Valeton
  • Hydnophytum hahlii Rech
  • Hydnophytum hellwigii Warblers.
  • Hydnophytum heterophyllum Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum inerme ( Gaudich. ) Bremek.
  • Hydnophytum intermedium Elmer
  • Hydnophytum kajewskii Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum kejense Becc.
  • Hydnophytum kelelense Valeton
  • Hydnophytum lanceolatum Miq.
  • Hydnophytum laurifolium Warblers.
  • Hydnophytum lauterbachii Valeton
  • Hydnophytum ledermannii Valeton
  • Hydnophytum leytense Merr.
  • Hydnophytum linearifolium Valeton
  • Hydnophytum longiflorum A.Gray
  • Hydnophytum longipes Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum longistylum Becc.
  • Hydnophytum loranthifolium ( Benth. ) Becc.
  • Hydnophytum lucidulum Valeton
  • Hydnophytum macrophyllum Warblers.
  • Hydnophytum magnifolium Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum membranaceum Merr.
  • Hydnophytum microphyllum Becc.
  • Hydnophytum mindanaense Elmer
  • Hydnophytum mindorense Merr.
  • Hydnophytum montis - kani Valeton
  • Hydnophytum moseleyanum Becc.
  • Hydnophytum myrtifolium Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum nigrescens Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum nitidum Merr.
  • Hydnophytum normal Becc.
  • Hydnophytum oblongum ( Benth. ) Becc.
  • Hydnophytum orbiculatum Elmer
  • Hydnophytum ovatum Miq.
  • Hydnophytum papuanum Becc.
  • Hydnophytum parvifolium Valeton
  • Hydnophytum petiolatum Becc.
  • Hydnophytum philippinense Becc.
  • Hydnophytum punamense Lauterb.
  • Hydnophytum radicans Becc.
  • Hydnophytum ramispinum Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum robustum Rech
  • Hydnophytum selebicum Becc.
  • Hydnophytum simplex Becc.
  • Hydnophytum spathulatum Valeton
  • Hydnophytum stenophyllum Valeton
  • Hydnophytum stewartii Fosberg
  • Hydnophytum subfalcifolium Valeton
  • Hydnophytum subnormal K.Schum.
  • Hydnophytum subrotundum Valeton
  • Hydnophytum subsessile Valeton
  • Hydnophytum sumatranum Becc.
  • Hydnophytum tetrapterum Becc.
  • Hydnophytum Tortuosum Becc.
  • Hydnophytum vaccinifolium P.Royen
  • Hydnophytum virgatum Valeton
  • Hydnophytum vitis -idaea Merr. & L.M.Perry
  • Hydnophytum wilkinsonii Horne ex Baker
  • Hydnophytum zippelianum Becc.
  • Christian Puff et al. Rubiaceae in the Flora of Thailand, manuscript not yet printed: Online.
  • AFSL Lok & HTW Tan: Tuberous, epiphytic, rubiaceous myrmecophytes of Singapore, in Nature in Singapore, Volume 2, 2009, pp. 231-236. PDF online.
Gentianales Ovary (botany) Heterostyly Malesia
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