Hydrogeology

Hydrogeology (from the Greek hydro-, " water " geo - " earth" and logos " doctrine " ) is the science of water in the Earth's crust, where interactions occur with aboveground influences. It is a discipline of applied geological sciences. Research is being conducted groundwater and all the factors that have an impact on groundwater. The hydrology as adjacent area of ​​research is concerned with the surface water (see also water cycle ).

Sub-disciplines of hydrogeology are

  • The Geohydraulics that explores the movement of groundwater in the subsurface
  • The hydrochemistry ( Hydrogeochemistry ), the doctrine of chemical composition of the water

Main tasks of hydrogeology are:

  • Exploration of potential groundwater resources
  • Protection of groundwater resources in qualitative and quantitative terms
  • Determination of groundwater recharge
  • Groundwater management, for example through the establishment and monitoring of drinking water protection areas
  • Remediation of contaminated groundwater
  • Modeling of groundwater flow and transport in groundwater
  • Hydrogeological Consulting in construction projects ( design of groundwater control )

Basis of hydrogeology is the knowledge of the structure of the subsurface. This is based on geological maps, results of drilling and three-dimensional models of the geological subsurface. Tools and methods for sensing and monitoring (monitoring) of groundwater are remote sensing (remote sensing), geophysical methods, drilling, groundwater monitoring wells, pumping tests, laboratory tests, and water chemical analysis.

In the center of hydrogeological interest is the permeability ( K or kf - value ), which was introduced in 1856 by Henry Darcy by empirical studies. The kf value is used for quantitative classification of the water permeability of a rock. From the kf value can be derived more important hydrogeological parameters by means of other variables: the transmissivity ( permeability profile ), the speed and distance transported quantities of water. To determine the water permeability variety of methods are available: evaluation of particle size distribution curves, laboratory tests, pumping tests, tracer tests and numerical models.

The relevance of hydrogeological models has increased tremendously in recent years. By means of numerical groundwater models can be, for example, hydraulic measures or the effects of water pollution calculate in advance.

Ancient Greek Crust (geology) Chemical hydrology Aquifer test Flow tracer Integrated Authority File
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