Hypholoma sublateritium
Brick Red Schwefelkopf ( Hypholoma lateritium )
The Brick-red sulfur head ( Hypholoma lateritium syn. H. sublateritium, Naematoloma sublateritium ) is a species of fungus in the family Träuschlingsverwandten. It is rarer and less well known than his two relatives, the edible Graublättrige sulfur head and the toxic sulfur Green leafy head. From this it differs inter alia by the usually larger fruiting bodies.
- 6.1 Literature
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The Brick-red sulfur head has a 3.5-10 cm wide, quite fleshy hat. This is only hemispherical shaped then flattened to convex and has a blunt hump on. He has a foxy to brick- red color. He is increasingly sulfur-yellow tinted to pale yellow towards the edge. The center is often mottled reddish brown. Its surface is smooth and matte. The brim is curled young and with a well-defined, yellowish - white, woolly - fibrous veil ( Cortina ) connected to the stem. Meanwhile residues surround the brim later. Characteristic features are more or less concentrically arranged, sulfur- yellow, flaky Velumsreste near the hat brim. However, they can be washed off by rain. The fins are yellowish in color to yellow-brown color and later gray to olive brown. They are grown bulged on a stick. The blades are flocked fine whitish. The spore powder is colored olivpurpurbraun. The strong stem is 5-12 cm long and 4-13 mm thick. He is rigid and elastic, cylindrical in shape, but often curved. At the top he is white to light yellow, towards the base increasingly colored ocher to reddish brown. The interface is straight-grained. Sometimes a cortinaartige annular zone is visible. The interior is increasingly hollow with age. The flesh is cream to light yellow, and brownish in color in the stem. It smells pleasant mushroom-like and mostly taste a little bitter.
Microscopic characteristics
The elliptical spores measure 5.5-7.5 × 3.5-4.5 microns. They are light yellow and have a thick wall. They have a smooth surface and a germ pore. The four spores are located on a basidium. These are cylindrical shaped to clavate and 16-21 x 6-7 microns in size. At the base, they have a buckle. The cheilocystidia are bottle-shaped bulbous shaped up and have a rounded tip. They are 20-36 × 7-12 microns in size. Pleurocystidia are designed as Chrysozystiden. They are fusiform - bellied shape and have a solid top. They measure 26-40 x 8-12 microns. Hutdeckschicht consists of the hyphae are parallel with a diameter of 2.5-9 microns. The hyphae are hyaline, encrusted and have buckles on the transverse walls. Underlying fungal threads are 10-15 microns thick, loose and encrusted brown pigmented.
Artabgrenzung
The Brick-red sulfur head can be confused with the poisonous green leafy sulfur head. However, this has greenish fins and a less powerful red-colored hat with weaker Velumresten. The stem and the flesh colored sulfur yellow. Similar is also the edible Rauchblättrige sulfur head. He has pale hat colors, gray fins and mild meat. The fungus usually occurs on coniferous wood. Confusion are also with the saffron Red Schüppling ( Pholiota astragalina ) possible. He has ocher- yellow to reddish- brown blades and handle his meat turns black in injury. It also occurs on coniferous wood.
Ecology and phenology
The Brick-red sulfur head is found mainly in beech, fir - beech and fir forests, which mainly in Woodruff, followed by Luzulo and wood barley forests. He is also found in oak -hornbeam, lowland forests and spruce forests. The fungus also occurs in forest and roadsides as well as parks and gardens.
He lives as a weak parasite and Saprobiont on or near stumps and lying trunks of deciduous and coniferous rare. The substrate is in the initial phase of Vermorschung to Optimal. The substrates are populated mainly beech and oak trees, with the conifers primarily spruce. The fruiting bodies are found throughout the year, especially from September to November. They usually grow in tufts.
Dissemination
The Brick-red sulfur head is in North (USA, Canada), Central (Mexico) and South America ( Venezuela, introduced in Trinidad ), Europe (incl. Canary Islands), North Africa and Asia (Asia Minor, the Caucasus, North India, Korea, Japan) widespread. In Europe, the territory of Great Britain, the Netherlands and France ranges in the west to Belarus and Russia in the east, south to Spain, Majorca, Sardinia, Italy, Serbia and Romania, and north to Shetland, Fennoscandia and Estonia. In Germany the species is widespread and common everywhere.
Importance
The Red Brick Schwefelkopf applies by its most bitter taste as inedible. Sometimes he is given as a poison suspicious for gastrointestinal toxicity. In the U.S. ( Chestnut Mushroom ) and Japan ( Kuritake ) it is, however, a popular edible mushroom, where it is partly cultivated.
The Brick-red sulfur head can be used for dyeing. It contains, inter alia, the dyes hispidine (yellow brown) and Noryangonin (orange). The producible colors are yellow to yellow-green. However, they are quite weak.