Idiophone

Idiophone ( from Ancient Greek ἴδιος ( idios ), intrinsically ', φωνή ( Phone), sound, sound ') is called Selbsttöner or self Klinger and refers to a musical instrument that contains as a whole swinging produces the sound or vibratory parts that are not stretched strings or membranes. Idiophone are especially represented as rhythm instruments in all cultures of the world, but can also be found ( for example in the form mehrtöniger mallets) as melody instruments use. Idiophone usually made ​​of wood (xylophone ), metal ( xylophone ), stone ( lithopone ) or glass (glass games).

The distinction of percussion instruments in (even sounding ) Idiophone and Membranophones in which a membrane is delivering vibrations to a body, comes from the ancient Indian music theory. In medieval Europe, such a distinction was not made. In the classification of musical instruments from Victor Charles Mahillon, 1880, the self- Klinger diving for the first time after the Indian model on under the name of car phones. 1914 called this group has been adopted as one of the four main categories in the Hornbostel -Sachs system now Idiophone.

Distinction

A distinction is made between

• Schüttelidiophonen or rattles: The player shakes an object that consists of several moving parts, beating against each other. Schell tree, Angklung, Flexatone, Shaker
• Aufschlagidiophonen: The instrument is struck with the hand or not sounding object. Triangle, cymbals, slit drum, water drum, Temple block, gong, bell, steel pan, Gong ageng, Ghatam, slope, Sahn Nuhasi, Jaltarang, beat box. A dolphin striker or a tamping tube as the Ka'eke'eke in Hawaii is beaten to the ground.
• Gegenschlagidiophonen, also rattling, whose origin lies in the hands clapping: Two or more sounding parts are struck together. Cymbals, Zil, claves, castanets, Qarqaba, spoon
• Schrapidiophonen: The player moves a sounding or not sounding object over a sounding or not sounding toothed object and causes as a series of single strokes: Güiro, Güira
• Reibidiophonen: An object is rotated by friction in vibration. Glass Harp, Glass Harmonica, Daxophon

The mehrtönigen Aufschlagidiophonen distinction is made between mallet and Zupfidiophonen as Jew's harp or lamellophones.