Implicate and explicate order
The implicate order. Foundations of a dynamic holism is the German title of the book Wholeness and the implicate order, which published the quantum physicist David Bohm in 1980.
Bohm designs in the book a world view in which reality is not separated into individual blocks, but is seen as a break -less whole. He criticized the fragmentation of the world into blocks, as show in experiments at the quantum level phenomena that are not explainable. This translates Bohm to other aspects of reality and to ethical level.
The formation of boundaries between the people call out patterns of activity that did not serve the common good. A new, holistic worldview thus have a meaning for life in society.
The put forward in this book the world is attributed to the areas of New Age and esoteric.
Main theses
The author deals with the development of a holistic worldview. To this end, he first provides representations to the problems in quantum physics and relativity theory. He wants to show that a " dissecting " view of things can blind us to reality.
Bohm employs in the book with the language and its relationship to thought. He makes an attempt, a new voice mode (" Rheomodus " ) to develop, which gives preference to the verbs before nouns and questions the subject-predicate -object structure of modern languages .
Furthermore, the book provides a philosophical discourse on the unity of thought process and reality (approximation of " THINKING " and " thought-content " ) and a critique of Aristotelian logic and of dualism.
In dualism, which was established, inter alia, by René Descartes, the mind and matter over (res cogitans and res extensa ) are. According to Bohm matter and spirit have a common basic structure. Based on Nicholas of Cusa, he uses the terms implicatio ( folded ), explicatio ( unfolded ) and complicatio (all folded into one another ). The reality, as it were from generating a steady and rapidly folding and unfolding of the executive.
Since there is a closed field of this image, hit Bohm other mental solutions of certain problems which occurred particularly in the experiment of Alain Aspect in 1982: Through a complex arrangement was trying to separate measuring apparatus and emission paths of photons from each other so that mutual interference could be excluded - still seemed the photons to interact. The explanation of this " influence " ( Einstein coined the term "spooky action at a distance " ) could not be made in connection with the premises of the relativity theory: The experiment documented apparently violating the locality (or "Einstein - separability "), ie the requirement that no object in reality to another faster than the speed of light allowed to act ( in this context, this phenomenon is also described by Bell's inequality). To explain Bohm proposed the idea of a kind master shaft, after everything is connected to everything else. A measurement at any point disturbing the entire main shaft and thus phenomena which take place far away from each other. As in the model of Bohm no subsystem separated from the other can be considered, and all subsystems are only unfoldings of a field, the approach of Bohm offers a different view for the Einstein - Podolsky-Rosen paradox. In this model, Bohm approaches the phenomena of the world in terms of monism.
His attempt to develop a consistent, field-like cosmology, are interpreted in the particles as an abstraction forms an unbroken whole, can also be seen in the image of a kind of " world tube" could be considered an early form of the superstring theory.
To illustrate his theories, he refers to the operation of the hologram (the term is a compound of the Greek words " holos " = whole and " gramma " = writing). This show is a holistic structure, similar to his idea of an " implicate order ": " Rather, it is in a sense implicit in every room and period a total order included. " This structure is called Bohm " Holo Movement". Bohm compares the terminology of " folded- order" continues with a drop (eg, ink), which is filled in a vessel in which another liquid is (glycerol ) and a cylinder. Will now this cylinder is rotated, the thread pull apart slowly becoming an increasingly finer band until it completely dissolves; as it is now but not gone, he remains " implicit " exists and can be re- made "visible " at a counter-rotation of the cylinder.
In this picture, he distances himself from the kartesianischem space model, in which all parts are always considered separately.
The order of the implicit structure is transferred to multi-dimensional realities. The particles of the EPR paradox correlate in this context because they are projections of higher dimensional realities.
Bohm also commented on the theme " Implicit Rules and consciousness." Following the Monadology of Leibniz he believes that awareness is constituted of " moments " similar to the " real events " with Alfred North Whitehead. In this context, the time is put into perspective and seen as a special order of a higher dimensional level.
Reception
Rüdiger Vaas characterized Bohm's reflections on the " implicate order " as " to the esoteric bordering speculation ". Hans -Dieter Bohm Mutschler referred to as " New Age" physicist. He sees in Bohm's book (and similarly in the work of Fritjof Capra ) a problematic transition from physics to metaphysics, and from there to mysticism. This appears only therefore plausible because Bohm physics from their actual medium, the mathematical formulation, take out, while content anreichere with ideas that no longer came from the University of science itself. Thus his philosophical interpretation relates to the already in everyday language interpreted physics. The transposition in the vernacular categories were smuggled, which are alien to physics itself. For example, Bohm laden the whole concept with physics foreign value predicates and then do not change even when he had derived it from physics.