Institut géographique national

The Institut national de l'information et forestière Geographical location (IGN, to December 31, 2011 Institute géographique national) is a French government agency based in Paris, whose mission is to ensure the creation, maintenance and dissemination of geographical information for France. IGN is the successor of the Armée de l' Service Géographique (SGA ), which was dissolved in 1940.

Training

The IGN maintains a training center for geography, the ENSG ( École nationale des sciences géographiques ) in Marne- la- Vallée. Of the 14 occupations that are taught in ENSG, three are tailored to the future employees of IGN:

  • Technician Geometry ( geodesic )
  • Dessinateur cartographe ( cartographer )
  • Ingénieur des Travaux (engineers )

The training in ENSG lasts three years.

The ENSG is connected to four research institutes, which are controlled by IGN: the COGIT that specializes in geographic information systems and cartography, the Matis, dealing with photogrammetry, the LÖMI in which the technical tools are being developed, as well as the lareg, the geodetic laboratory in the premises of ENSG, the care of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame ( ITRF ).

Maps

The IGN published several types of topographic maps:

  • Maps at a scale 1/25.000 (1 cm = 250 m), which have the Cartes d' état ​​-major replaced;
  • Maps at a scale 1/50.000 (1 cm = 500 m), whose production seems to be understood in leakage.
  • Maps at a scale 1/100.000 ( 1 cm = 1 km) as a regional road maps.
  • Maps at a scale 1/250.000 ( 1 cm = 2.5 km ) for the national road atlas.
  • The French road map at a scale of 1:1,000,000 ( 1 cm = 10 km).
  • Maps

The French IGN distributes under its logo and cards of foreign regions and cities.

Relief Maps

The French IGN also manufactures relief maps. These relate - at scales of 1/4.300.000 to 1/1.200.000 - throughout France, but - in scale to 1/50.000 - even on areas such as the Mont Blanc or the Vanoise National Park.

Old Maps

IGN has a large collection of old maps: from Cassini ( 17th and 18th centuries ) to arise, General cards ( Cartes d' état ​​- major) from the 19th century, maps of the royal hunts ( 17th century ), etc. All of these cards that were created in the gravure printing process, are kept in their original leather binding.

Aerial photography and Phototèque National

One of the public duties of the IGN is the cartography of France at a scale 1/25.000. To this end, photographing aircraft IGN the country, which allows the creation of maps with the help of photogrammetry. Long time stored analog, the data is numerically today, which makes the reaction significantly. IGN has four aircraft, which are stationed at the airfield of Creil, and renew with a frequency of five years, the aerial photography.

The Phototèque National retains its own aerial photographs and the Service de l' Armée Géographique on since 1921.

The Système d'information géographique (SIG )

The IGN provides its public and private customers geographic databases that fully or partially based on geographical information systems. They allow in the light of an ordinary card selection, completion and presentation of kartografierbaren information. The IGN created and updates the à grande échelle Référentiel ( RGE ), which contains four components: Topography, orthophotography, parcel and address.

Cartographic relief depiction#Hypsometric tints
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