Jacob Friedrich von Abel
Jakob Friedrich Abel ( born May 9, 1751 in Vaihingen an der Enz, † July 7, 1829 in Schorndorf ) was a German philosopher. He is best known for his influence on the young Friedrich Schiller.
- 2.1 Philosophy
- 2.2 Literature
Life
Youth and studies
Jakob Friedrich Abel was son of the bailiff Konrad Ludwig Abel and Eva Regina, a daughter of the top civil servant Jacob Gottlieb Bojons, the predecessor of her husband. Jakob Friedrich Abel thus came from a respected family Württemberg officials.
After Abel had visited in Vaihingen the Latin school, he passed the exam and entered the country in 1764, with not even 14 years, in the Protestant monastery school in Denkendorf a; In 1766 he moved together with his schoolmates ( " Kompromotionalen " ) in the Protestant monastery school Maulbronn. In 1768 he passed the final examination as third in his class and then moved into the Tubingen. He studied theology, philology and philosophy to become a pastor with the target.
Teachers Schiller
The Württemberg Mr. Carl Eugen had founded in 1770 on the Solitude a military nursery and searched 1772 in Tübingen personally by professors for his new foundation. When he was told that Abel 'm not on the candidate list because it had grown too small, said the Duke, he measure the suitability of his professors not with the yard and insisted on Abel's candidacy. So Abel 1772, at age 21, a professor of philosophy. 1786 Abel was Vice-Rector - Rector was the Duke himself - the laid in 1775 to Stuttgart - after Schiller's study time! - 1781 renamed Karl High School Institute. Abel was a very popular teacher because he taught in the sense of Maieutics: The reconnaissance involved his students in issues to promote through their own thinking and decision freedom and self-determination.
Abel was the most formative teachers of only eight years younger Friedrich Schiller, with whom he formed a lifelong friendship. Abel made his students the first attention to the works of William Shakespeare and the importance of genius and passion:
In addition, Abel emphasized to his students the importance of free will for humans:
The idea of freedom and self-determination of the people immersed in the episode again and again in Schiller's work. Even Abel's view that virtue is the progressive development of all the powers of man to perfection, Schiller's own lifelong conviction has become.
Abel, who championed unlike most enlightened contemporaries for a wide range of girls' and women's education, joined in 1790 as a full professor of logic, metaphysics, rhetoric and poetics at the University of Tübingen. In 1793 he was also director of the Württemberg colleges and schools, trying in vain to get the now living in Weimar Schiller as a professor in Tübingen.
Member and temporarily Superior Stuttgart Illuminati; this brother of a Freemason
Under the name of Pythagoras Abderitis Abel was a member of the company founded by the Ingolstadt professor Johann Adam Weishaupt in 1776 Illuminati order. From autumn 1784 until the abolition of the Stuttgart Illuminatengruppe in 1787 he was also the "Upper " ( "Superior" ). Member of the first independent group probably already since 1781 and Abel as a pre-predecessor "Upper " Illuminati was the Stuttgart since 1783 at the latest until the end of his term of office in Stuttgart on 31 March 1784, Stuttgart and Tubingen noblewoman Government manorial court assessor Eberhard Christoph Ritter and Edler von Oetinger (1743 - 1805) was. Since this nephew of the prelates Friedrich Christoph Oetinger the Imperial Supreme Court assessor ( judgmental judge) was appointed in Wetzlar on 3 March 1784 and was to occupy this position until his death on 21 April 1805 has now after Abel 's own account his predecessor as "Upper " ( from spring to autumn 1784) Professor Friedrich August Werthes Clemens ( 1748-1817 ), who was appointed Professor of Arts and Humanities in Pest on October 13, 1784. Jakob Friedrich Abel's brother Ludwig Heinrich Abel (1752 - 1818), law firm lawyer in Vaihingen an der Enz and afterwards (1809 - 1818) Bailiff in Münsingen ( Württemberg), belonged to the existing 1774-1784 Masonic " The three cedars " in Stuttgart.
Ecclesiastical offices
1811 Abel gave up his university work and took over church offices: He was head of the seminar Schoental and prelate and Superintendent of Öhringen. 1812 Knights Cross of the Royal Württemberg Civil Merit he was awarded, with which it was connected to the personal nobility. Since 1815 he was a member of the Württemberg Chamber of Deputies. 1823, at the age of 72, he became General Superintendent of Urach, even in 1823, after the change of the offices structure, General Superintendent of Reutlingen, each residing in Stuttgart.
Abel died aged 78, worked tirelessly until recently, on a trip in the house of one of his daughters in Schorndorf. In his hometown of not only the older of the two high schools, but also a street named after him. One of the picture window in the Town Hall shows the philosopher.
Work
Philosophy
As a philosopher, Abel tried on a balance between the ideas of the Enlightenment and the Enlightenment psychology. The basic idea of empirical psychology that all powers of the soul and all ideas and kinds of ideas depend on the body, influenced his writing On the sources of human ideas, continued the central aspects of his main work Introduction to the theory of the soul; in this episode and his writings, Abel tried to carry out the proof for the simplicity of the soul and its immortality.