Jean-Baptiste Pillement

Jean -Baptiste Pillement ( born May 24, 1728 in Lyon, † April 26, 1808 ) was a French painter and printmaker. He was almost everywhere active in Europe, thus contributing to the spread of the " goût hollandais ", the French interpretation of Dutch painting.

His oeuvre consists mostly of landscapes, although he was also active as a decorator. Most landscapes have emerged in the 1780s, as Pillement also discovered marine painting for themselves. Some works from this period are pastel drawings in respect of which Pillement have to be considered as the most important in creating this technique, a landscape painter of the 18th century. His landscapes are full of artificiality and Ornate, of an imaginative, abstracting some degree of individual appearance representation form of nature are met. On the other hand, knew Pillement very sensitive and differentiated light to capture atmospheric effects and Stimmungsvaleurs.

Pillement made ​​on his many travels sketches of all prospects and individual motifs, which he modified more or less took up in his paintings. Many of these drawings were published as random folders, which show their titles that they were intended as a kind of motifs and original collection: " Recueil de vues de rochers de mer ", " Recueil de differentes conversations champêtres " or " Livre de different vues de fermes d ' Angleterre ". As published in 1767 Pillement a five-volume catalog of engravings entitled " Oeuvre de Jean Pillement, peintre et dessinateur célèbre "

Life

Jean Pillement initially worked in Beauvais and Paris, then 1745-50 in Madrid and Lisbon, and from there he moved to London for several years, where he worked primarily as a graphic designer. In 1763 he traveled to Italy and Vienna, where he was a position at the newly founded Academy was held in St. Petersburg. From Vienna to Pillement went in 1765 to the court of the Polish king in Warsaw. After two years' residence, he returned in 1767 to France, but repeatedly visited London and also took trips to Holland, Germany and Switzerland. Finally, he worked again in 1785-89 Portugal and Spain to last to pass up the revolution time in the French province and to spend the last years of life in his native city after 1800.

Beginnings in Beauvais and Portugal first stay

Pillement came the age of fifteen in 1743, the Manufacture de Beauvais, a tapestry manufactory in Paris operated private commissions as opposed to working for the royal family Manufacture de Gobelins. Both were headed at that time by Jean -Baptiste Oudry, who there established a picturesque style, the apprentices - including Pillement - were conveyed in a style similar to the painter training instruction in composition, perspective and color application.

After only two years in Beauvais Pillement broke 1745 to Spain and Lisbon, where he remained until 1750. Already at that time he devoted himself to his favorite motifs: about one between boulders rough-hewn wooden bridge, falling over rocks into surface waters cascade, shepherds and their animals in a peaceful and bright landscape.

Graphic designer career in England

As Pillement 1750 moved to England, he moved to the center of European printmaking production. In addition to numerous independent productions he produced original illustrations, for example, Robert Sayer 's The Ladies' amusement. The prints by Pillement apparently met the taste of the English public, as they were repeatedly issued, such as the newly launched 1759-60 season series from 1757, with a portion was printed with French label to offer them in Paris. In the following years traveled Pillement England and Holland, for he gave in 1759 a six - series entitled " Livre de diferente [sic ] Vüe de Ferme d' Angleterre " out. And from the Holland Travel witness the " Quatre Vues des Environs de Flessingue ".

Staying pill Apartments in England seems to have been very successful: he made at this time twice - 1760 and 1761 - landscapes at the Society of Artists and was temporarily working for the famous actor David Garrick, of a country house on the River Thames in 1755 had bought near Hampton. Pillement supplied paintings for the representative living grand staircase and a smaller room, which was decorated with fifteen, recessed into the wall paneling landscapes pill Apartments. Even later entertained Pillement contacts to England, presented several times at the Society of Artists and the Free Society of London in 1774 and organized a great auction of his own works. In London, published Pillement a work on Chinese drawings.

Operations in the Austrian and Polish court

From England, he traveled first to Italy and after a very short stay in Vienna. There he created for 1763-65 Maria Theresa Blauer Hof Laxenburg 18 monochrome landscape pastels, of the eight have survived.

Although Pillement an item was offered as director of the newly founded Academy in St. Petersburg during his stay in Vienna, he preferred it, in 1765 to travel to the court of the Polish king Stanisław August Poniatowski. This became the biggest collectors pill Apartments, for he is said to have owned 16 paintings, 30 drawings and over a hundred bites from him and even cataloged itself. Poniatowski gave the artist the title of "premier peintre du Roy de Pologne " and also below the national nobility were pill Apartments plants popular. During his stay, Poland Pillement apparently traveled the country, what drawings show from the area of ​​Danzig and of the Pomerellen. However, these drawings show no peculiar Polish motifs and can be referenced only through the labels there.

Tätigekeit in Paris and Portugal second stay

After his return from Poland, he tried to establish in Paris and exhibited several times. However, these activities brought in only one official order: three works for the Petit Trianon of Marie Antoinette, who appointed him in 1778 for their own personal painter.

At the beginning of the 1780 Annual traveled Pillement Switzerland, as was the fashion at that time in the wake of Rousseau's " Nouvelle Heloise ". This is demonstrated with two drawings of 1781 pill Apartments sketchbook that are labeled " fait à Basle ."

After Pillement of Paris moved to Lisbon again, appears in his landscapes of the 1780 Annual regularly a jagged, mostly polygonal, sometimes round, white-brown brick tower. The devastating earthquake of 1755 made ​​reconstruction work necessary to the many artists jobs and employment bestowed: Pillement worked in Queluz ( Sintra ) and for the Dutch Ambassador and art collector Jan Gildemeester.

When the artist Portugal 1786 first left towards the Spanish Cadiz, he left numerous works in various collections Portuguese art lovers, including the English -born businessman Joao Allen and the confessor of Dom Pedro III were, José Maria Moyne. . These paintings had also in the absence of the author continues on the development of the local landscape painting to pill Apartments famous Portuguese successors belongs Francisco Vieira, Luis Paret y Alcazar and Joaquim Marques.

Last years in Lyon

1789, the year of revolution, Pillement returned from Spain back to France and settled in his sister's house in Pezenas down. His last years after 1800, he then spent in his native city of Lyon, where he was after the reopening of the local Grande Fabrique - was appointed to the associated École des Beaux -Arts - a silk cloth factory.

Exhibitions

Paris 1776, 1777, 1782, 1783

London 1773, 1779, 1780, 1783

Primary literature

• A New Book of Chinese Ornaments / Jean -Baptiste Pillement (1755 )
• Receuil of Tentes chinois. - Paris: Levier, 1770
• Différentes Figures Chinois. - London, 1758
• Livre de Chinois. - London, 1758
• Les Cinq Sens Chinois de Nature - London, 1759
• Petits ornements choisis. - London
• Families Chinois. - London, 1759
• Scènes Chinois. - London, 1759

Secondary literature

• Jean Pillement / Georges Pillement (1945 )
• Smith - Gordon, Mary. - Pillement / Maria Gordon - Smith. - 2004
• Jean Pillement: paysagiste you XVIIIe siècle, 1728-1808: dans le cadre de l'installation du centenaire du Musée des beaux -arts dans l' Hôtel Fabregat, 1903-2003: [catalog de ​​l'exposition ] du 18 octobre au 21 décembre 2003, Musée des beaux -arts de Beziers, Hôtel Fabregat. - Béziers: Musée des Beaux Arts, 2003
• Gruber, A. ( 1992) The History of Decorative Arts, Classicism and the Baroque in Europe, p. 249
• Jean Pillement at the court of king Stanisław August of Poland (1765 - 1767) / Gordon -Smith, Maria
• English engravings of picturesque views after Jean Pillement (1728 - 1808) / Gordon -Smith, Maria
• The influence of Jean Pillement on french and English decorative arts: part one / Gordon -Smith, Maria
• The influence of Jean Pillement on French and English decorative arts: part two; representative fields of influence / Gordon -Smith, Maria
• Jean Pillement, 1728 - 1808 et le paysagisme au au Portugal XVIIIème siècle / Fundação Ricardo Espírito Santo Silva do
• I fiori del Catai: introduzione alla figura di grafica e all'opera Jean -Baptiste Pillement ei suoi Rapporti con la contemporanea di produzione tessuti d' arte in Europe / Cionini, Nicola
• Mitchell, Peter: Jean Pillement Revauled, in: Apollo 107 (1983), pp. 46-49