Jean-Sifrein Maury
Jean- Siffrein Cardinal Maury ( born June 26, 1746 Valréas ( Vaucluse, Comtat earlier venaissin ); † May 11, 1817 in Rome) was an opponent of the French Revolution, the 1794 by Pope Pius VI. was named Bishop of Montefiascone and cardinal. He moved in 1806 to the pages of Napoleon and was appointed from that in 1810 Archbishop of Paris.
Life
The articulate son of a poor shoemaker studied theology in the seminary of Saint -Charles in Avignon, and went in 1765 to Paris, where he met with his brilliantly written obituaries for the Dauphin Louis Ferdinand († December 20, 1765 ) and the former Polish King Stanislaus Leszczynski ( † February 23, 1766 ) earned first laurels. He was ordained a priest in 1769 and in 1771 was appointed Vicar General of the Diocese Lombez in Gascony. Jean- Siffrein Maury was known mostly for its witty speeches he gave about famous personalities in front of the Académie française, such as the 1772 in the Louvre put forward eulogy to the French King Louis the Saint, giving it lots of applause from the audience and the benefice of an abbey earned. 1785 was the inclusion of Abbés to the French Academy and in the spring of 1789 elected him to the clergy of Peronne constituency for deputies of the Estates-General.
Maury opposed in vain the union of the three estates to the National Assembly. He scored with Jacques Antoine Marie de Cazales (1758-1805) and André Boniface Louis Riquetti de Mirabeau (1754-1792), the younger brother of Mirabeau, in the Constituent Assembly to the counter-revolutionary "Black ". The brilliant orator and supporters of enlightened absolutism was one of the prerogatives of the crown, the clergy and the aristocracy and advocated the maintenance of the social hierarchy of the ancien régime. Furthermore rejected the consistent supporter of the monarchy of Louis XVI. the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and the sale from the national property.
Jean- Siffrein Maury emigrated to the ratification of the Constitution of September 3 1791 Brussels to Koblenz and joined the Royalists there to. The royalist Abbé went early in 1792 to Rome, where he advocated the interests of the Count de Provence, the future Louis XVIII. . Pope Pius VI. Maury appointed in April 1792 Titular Bishop of Nicaea and then sent him as the representative of the Holy See for the coronation of Emperor Franz II to Frankfurt am Main. 1794 was the collection of the papal legate Bishop of Montefiascone and elevation to cardinal of the titular church of Santissima Trinità al Monte Pincio. After the capture of Rome by French troops (1798 ) had to Cardinal Maury via Venice to Saint Petersburg flee. However, he came back in 1800 with the mandate of the French Bourbons to Rome to take part in the conclave to elect the new Pope Pius VII.
Cardinal Maury realized after took place on December 2, 1804 Church anointing and coronation of Napoleon to his regime. 1806 appointed the Count de Provence Maury ambassador to his court at the Vatican. However, the Cardinal gave up this award and returned the same year returned to France. He moved into the political camp of Napoleon and helped him in 1809 at his divorce of Joséphine. In return the Emperor 1808 Maury intended for administrator of the Archdiocese of Paris and named him - despite the opposition of Pope Pius VII - two years later as Archbishop of Paris.
As a result of the restoration of the Bourbon reign (1814 ) had to leave Cardinal Maury France. He went again to Rome, where Pope Pius VII had him imprisoned for six months in the Castel Sant'Angelo. After the forced abandonment of the diocese Montefiascone spent Jean- Siffrein Maury his last days as a sick and broken man in the Roman monastery of San Silvestro. He died there on May 11, 1817.