Johann Bernoulli
Johann Bernoulli (born 27 Julijul / August 6 1667greg in Basel;. . † January 1, 1748 ibid ) was Swiss mathematician and physician, the younger brother of James I and the father of the Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli and Johann II Bernoulli.
Life
Johann Bernoulli was the tenth child of Niklaus Bernoulli, member of the Council of Basel, and was originally intended to be a merchant. Instead, he studied from 1683 at the University of Basel, where in 1685 he received his master's degree. He then studied medicine. In mathematics, and particularly the then-new Analysis his older brother Jacob Bernoulli introduced him, with which he initially worked closely, but later fell out completely. In 1690 he solved the problem Asked by Jakob Bernoulli of the catenary. In the same year he traveled to Geneva and a year later to Paris. Everywhere he spread the knowledge of the new mathematical discipline Analysis, in Paris, among others the Marquis de L'Hospital, the first analysis textbook written in 1696. 1694 Bernoulli received his doctorate in medicine in Basel. From 1693 began his extensive correspondence with Leibniz, with whom he inter alia In 1712 a controversy over the values of the logarithm of negative values of the argument led. In 1695 he became a professor in Groningen (to which his brother Jacob, with whom he had quarreled, was not entirely uninvolved ). In 1705 he was after the death of his brother succeeded him as professor of mathematics in Basel. After the death of Leibniz in 1716 he was the chief representative of the Analysis on the continental Europe and also took on the part of Leibniz party in the priority dispute with the English mathematicians to Newton. Another feud he had with Brook Taylor.
His research interests included, among other series, differential equations, curves under geometric and mechanical aspects. He was significantly involved in the elaboration of the modern concept of function and had an important role in the early days of the calculus of variations. Among other things, he solved the problem of the brachistochrone ( 1696 Jakob Bernoulli provided) and published in 1708 his solution. He also dealt with hydraulics, although he complained results of his son Daniel Bernoulli for themselves.
Johann Bernoulli was still alive in 1743, his works itself out in four volumes, which were further supplemented by his son Johann II Bernoulli, who became his successor as professor of mathematics in Basel. In mechanics, he was an opponent of the Newtonian theory and followers of Descartes and his theory of vortices. But he worked through Newton's Principia and corrected a number of errors.
His students have included Leonhard Euler, Marquis de L'Hospital, Maupertuis, Gabriel Cramer, his son John II ( with his son Daniel Bernoulli, however, he was in dispute because he wanted this merchant would ), Alexis Clairaut and the Bernese Niklaus Blauner.
The complete works of Bernoulli and especially of Johann Bernoulli (and its correspondence) was started by Ludwig Otto Spiess 1955. Autographs from him are held, inter alia, the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library.