Johann Heinrich Ferdinand von Autenrieth

Johann Hermann Heinrich Ferdinand von Autenrieth (also Authenrieth, born October 20, 1772 in Stuttgart, † May 2, 1835 in Tübingen ) was a German physician. He is considered the founder of the Tübingen University Hospital and was a member of the Württemberg estates assembly. Autenrieth was known with his empirically based medicine. He was the personal physician to King William I of Württemberg and a member of many medical commissions in Württemberg.

Life

Autenrieth received his first education at the Gymnasium Stuttgart and heard in 1785, only 13 years old, first lectures in science and medicine at the High School Karl Stuttgart, where his father was professor of Kameralwissenschaften. He was a member of the scientific circle of Baron Georges Cuvier. In 1792 he received his doctorate in medicine and then studied with Antonio Scarpa ( 1752-1832 ) and Johann Peter Frank ( 1745-1821 ) in Pavia. Further stations were Trieste, Vienna and Schemnitz in Hungary. In 1794 he returned to Stuttgart.

In 1794 he accompanied his father on a trip to Baltimore, USA. He practiced for half a year in Lancaster and survived a yellow fever disease. From Baltimore he wrote a letter to Christoph Heinrich Pfaff on the anatomy of the dolphins. In 1797 he published and body Medicus Philipp Friedrich Hopfengärtner ( 1771-1897 ) in Stuttgart, a translation of Benjamin Rush's book on yellow fever in Philadelphia from 1793. After one and half years, he returned to Stuttgart and received the title of " Hofmedicus ", was inspector of the Naturalienkabinett of Duke Friedrich Eugen and in the autumn of 1796 a member of the medical commission, which was used against the rampant rinderpest. In 1797 he became professor of anatomy, physiology, surgery and obstetrics at the Eberhard -Karls- University of Tübingen.

In the first eight years of his teaching career he taught in addition to anatomy and physiology and surgery was surgery courses, taught obstetrics and was until 1813 Medicinal - Visitor for the upper parts of Württemberg and after the death of Christian Friedrich Jäger physician to the King of Württemberg.

Autenrieth 1805 opened the hospital in Bursa alley with 15 beds in 12 rooms, which he headed from 1805 to 1811. Thus, surgery and obstetrics parted from internal medicine. From this clinic Tübingen University Hospital later founded. When the clinic opened in 1805, he handed over the teaching of surgery at the newly appointed Professor Hiller and taught alongside anatomy and physiology as well pathology. After 1811 he focused on pathology and therapy as well as on clinical forensics. The " lunatic asylum " in Tübingen put in its way something new, since here no longer only secures the mentally ill for the first time, but a therapy were subjected. By today's standards the application there brought to therapy were more likely to torture. Administration of sedatives and stimulants such as belladonna and digitalis were to cold water baths and ointments with " Authenrieths martyrs ointment " of tartar emetic on the shaved skull, thereby artificially ulcers should be caused or Autenrieth mask with which the patients were prevented from screaming.

From 15 September 1806 to 3 May 1807, the poet Friedrich Hölderlin was housed in the run by Autenrieth University Hospital. Hölderlin was released in the same year as the terminally ill from the Autenrieth'schen Hospital, taken by an admirer of his work and lived in his house for 36 years in a room Hölderlinturm.

After the death of Wilhelm Gottfried Plouquets (1744-1814) Autenrieth was the most sought after doctors in Tubingen, people from Germany and other countries seeking his advice. Autenrieth played an important role in the construction of the medical system in Baden- Württemberg. After Christian Friedrich von Schnurrer Autenrieth was while he was a professor, in 1819 Vice-Chancellor of the University of Tübingen. In this capacity, Autenrieth was a member of the Württemberg estates assembly. In 1821 he was elected a member of the Scholars Academy Leopoldina. From 1822 until his death in 1835, he was chancellor of the university, and had in that capacity from 1821 until his death a mandate in the Württemberg Chamber of Deputies, the Lower House of the Diet, which led to disruption of his teaching.

He handed over the teaching at his son Hermann Friedrich Autenrieth (1799-1874), who is also a well-known doctor was.

Honors

Autenrieth 1812 was awarded the Civil Merit. In 1818 he received the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, which was connected with the personal title of nobility.

Writings

• The physical origin of man. Friedrich Wilhelm Haselmayer, Tübingen 1800 digitized.
• Johann Christian Reil, Johann Heinrich Ferdinand Autenrieth (ed.): Archives of Physiology. Curtsche bookstore Hall from 1807 to 1812. 1812 digitized
• Joh. Ferd. v. Autenrieth, John Gottlieb Fri. v. beans Berger (ed.): Tübingen leaves of Science and Arzneykunde. Osiander, Tübingen 1815-1887 Volume One Part One Second volume, Part II Second volume, Part Three. Character of the prevailing diseases in Tübingen. In: Tübingen leaves of Science and Arzneykunde.
• Ear diseases. In: Tübingen leaves of Science and Arzneykunde.
• Consumption. In: Tübingen leaves of Science and Arzneykunde.