Josef Dobrovský

Josef Dobrovský ( born August 17, 1753 Gyarmat, county Neograd; † January 6, 1829 in Brno ) was a Bohemian theologian, philologist and Slavic languages ​​, which is considered one of the founders of modern Czech literary language.

Life

Dobrovský was born the son of a product originating in Solnice professional soldiers in Hungary. His parents soon moved on to West Bohemia, Dobrovský grew up in the German-speaking environment in Bischofteinitz, visited the Augustinian school in Deutschbrod and the Jesuit Gymnasium in Klattau. After completing high school he studied at the Charles University in philosophy and theology and entered 1772 in the Society of Jesus, which, however, was repealed a year later by the Josephischen reforms. Dobrovský continued his theological studies in Prague and worked from 1776 on the recommendation of Joseph Stepling as an educator and a tutor in the family of Count Nostic Castle Měšice. Having been refused consecration by Archbishop of Prague Wilhelm Florentin von Salm -Salm, he was ordained in 1786 by Königgrätzer Bishop Johann Leopold of Hay to the Roman Catholic priest and was from 1787 to 1788 Vice- Rector and 1789 rector of the General Seminary ( Seminary ) in the monastery Hradisko near Olomouc, which was secularized in 1790. After that, he returned to Prague, where he lived as a private scholar, mostly in the palace of the Count Nostic. His efforts to obtain a professorship at the Charles University, were without success. During this time he studied the Czech language and literature, the Slavic languages ​​as a whole, as well as the Bohemian history and archeology with pioneering publications. Dobrovský was a member of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences. He died in 1829 during a visit to Brno.

Importance

Dobrovský began as a researcher of the traditional Bible texts. In 1777 he published a first, written in Latin overview entitled " Pragische fragments of Hebrew manuscripts " to the neglected research topic of the Jewish community in Prague. In 1778 he was respected in professional circles through his work " Fragmentum Pragense Gospel S. Marci ," in which he proved that it is accessible, St. Mark the Evangelist attributed to and revered as a relic handwritten document fragment is dated incorrectly and has emerged much later than previously thought been. From 1779 he worked on the Czech language and literature and published " Bohemian Literature to 1779 ", " Bohemian and Moravian literature to 1780 " out, in which he critically commented on the contemporary work in this area. 1792 appeared his "History of the Bohemian language and literature " ( expanded edition under the title "History of the old Bohemian Language and Literature" 1818), 1809 " Detailed teaching building of the Czech language," the first modern grammar of Czech (second edition 1819). He also was a " German - Bohemian dictionary " in two volumes out (1802, 1821).

In his works Dobrovský represented the conception of an analogy written Czech to Czech of the " Golden Age " at the end of the 16th century. He declined the most since that time changes that have occurred in written language by borrowing and loanwords. Unlike his students Václav Hanka and Josef Jungmann but he did not try propagated by him norm actively enforce this may also because he was not so calculated that it would succeed, the Czech politically as an official language in Bohemia the monarchy of Austria - Hungary enforce. He wrote in German, the prevailing language in Bohemia, in his early years, also in Latin, the language of science at that time, and shortly before his death, also in Czech. The view of some contemporaries, he had mastered the Czech imperfectly, is worth mentioning.

In the period since 1879 Dobrovský also dealt with other Slavic languages ​​and published the magazines " Slav " (1806 ) and " Slovanka " ( 1814-1815 ). 1822 came the " Institutiones linguae slavicae dialecti veteris ," the first modern grammar of Old Church Slavonic to the pressure, which earned him the science of Bohemia the honorary title of the founder of Slavic studies.

Writings

  • Fragmentum Pragense evangelii see Marci autographi, Prague 1778
  • Corrigenda in Bohemia Docta Balbini juxta editionem Raphaelis P. Ungar, Prague 1779
  • Bohemian literature to 1779, Prague 1779
  • About the introduction and spread of printing in Bohemia, Prague 1782
  • About the age of the Bohemian Bible translation, Prague 1782
  • Discourse on the Origin of the name Czech, Czech Republic, Prague 1782
  • Def De antiquis Hebraeorum characteribus diss. , In qua ... Origenis Hieronymique fides testimonio Josephi Flavii. , Prague 1783
  • Scriptores rerum Bohemicarum. 3 vol. , Prague 1783-1829
  • Historical- critical study, where the Slavs have been named, Prague 1784
  • About the Begräbnißart of the ancient Slavs in general, and in particular Bohemia. A treatise, caused by the earthen utensils in Horim in 1784 excavated on a former heydnischen tomb. Proceedings of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences 1786, 333-359.
  • How to use the old documents. An Essay on the Foundation Brewniower letter Boleslaw the Zweyten from the year 993, Prague 1786
  • Litterarisches magazine of Bohemia and Moravia, Prague 1786-1787
  • About a job in the 19 letters of St.. Boniface, the Slavs and their customs concerning, Prague 1788
  • About the first date to Slavic history and geography, Prague 1790
  • History of the Czech language and literature, Prague 1792
  • Vita Joannis de Jenczenstein archiepiscopi Pragensis tertii ex manuscripto Rokyczanensi coaevo edita notisque illustrata ( Life of John of Jenstejn ), Prague 1793
  • Litterärische messages from one undertaken at the instigation of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences in 1792 trip to Sweden and Russia. In addition to a comparison of the Russian and Czech language, etc., Prague 1796
  • About the first text of Czech Bible translation, according to the oldest manuscripts of the same, especially after the Dresden, Prague 1798
  • Design of a plant system of numbers and ratios etc., Prague 1802
  • German - Bohemian dictionary, Prague 1802-1821
  • Critical attempts to clean the older Bohemian history of later fictions, Prague 1803-1807
  • Českých přísloví sbírka, Prague 1804 ( collection of Czech proverbs)
  • Glagolitica. About the Glagolitic literature. The age of the Bukwitza, their pattern according to which they have been formed, the origin of the Roman- Slavonic liturgy ( Notes on the Glagolitic script, the oldest scripture of the Slavic languages), Prague 1807
  • Slavin. Contributions to the knowledge of Slavic literature, philology and antiquities, all dialects, Prague 1808
  • Comprehensive Teaching Building of the Czech language for thorough learning the same for German, the perfect knowledge for Bohemia, Prague 1809
  • Design to a general Etymologikon of the Slavic languages ​​, Prague 1813
  • Slovanka. For the knowledge of the old and new Slavic literature, linguistics after all dialects, the history of the antiquities, Prague 1814-1815
  • Institutiones linguae slavicae dialecti veteris etc, Vienna 1822
  • About the former pictures Bohemian rulers and their inscriptions in the Prague Royal Castle in front of the fire in 1541, Prague in 1825
  • Moravian legend of Cyril and Methodius. After manuscripts published, compared with other legends and explained, Prague 1826
Balassagyarmat Nógrád County (former) Klatovy Harvard University Press Integrated Authority File
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