Joseph Plateau
Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau ( born October 14, 1801 in Brussels, † September 15, 1883 in Ghent ) was a Walloon Belgian- physicist and pioneer photo.
Life
After the early death of his parents visited plateau in Brussels, the Atheneum 1817-1822 and then moved to the University of Liège, where he first law and languages, and later studied natural sciences. In 1827 he became a teacher of mathematics at the Atheneum and published his first scientific publications: Construire un angle Equilateral qui ait ses sommets sur trois circonférences and Sur les données dans l' oeil sensations produites par les couleurs différentes, in which he of the visual perception people employed.
1828 Plateau became aware of the findings of the English physician Peter Marc Roget, who described the phenomenon as first, which is known as stroboscopic effect today. He wrote a memoir about it called Dissertation sur quelques propriétés of impressions produites par la lumière sur l' organs de la vue, with which he earned his doctorate in 1829. These were also the first scientific dissertation at the University of Liege, which was written in French and not in Latin.
Four years later, in 1832, it occurred to him, " the stroboscope with 16 drawings of a dancer to feed, who were opposed to each other always moved a motion phase and after sixteen phases led back to the starting position. " This now known as Phenakistiscope device he described in the writings sur un nouveau genre d' illusions d' optique (1832 ) and Des illusions optiques sur lesquelles se fonde le petit appareil appele récemment Phénakisticope (1831). The painter Jean Baptiste Madou made drawings on the Phenakistiscope that are together with the unit of Ackerman in London in 1833 under the name Fanta and Scope of Alphonse Giroux in Paris as phénakisticope and marketed later than phénakistiscope.
1835 changes plateau to the University of Ghent, where he first teaches physics and specialize later on experimental physics and astronomy.
In 1836 he introduces the Anorthoscop, which he described in detail in the publication Deuxième ( en troisième quatrième ) note sur de nouvelles applications curieuses de la persistance of impressions de la Retine (1849 ) describes.
Between 1843 and 1844 blinded Plateau due to its already 1829 by guided optical experiments persistent images on the retina, where he had a long time looked directly at the sun. However, he published more detailed descriptions of his experiences with his own blindness; To have plateau indicates, even years after his blindness " visual sensations " had. Among his last works is one of the most liquid théorique et Statique experimental soumis aux seules forces moleculaires (1873 ), a study of capillary forces and surface tension. In this work he establishes the rules become known as plateaus descriptions of the structure of soap bubbles in foam. His investigations had long fruitful for the mathematical theory of minimal surfaces, where the Plateau problem is named after him.
Plateau died in 1883 in Ghent and was buried in the cemetery of Mariakerke.
Works
- Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau, Mémoire sur l' irradiation, Brussels 1839
- J. A. F. plateau. Statique experimental et théorique the most liquid soumis aux seules forces moleculaires. ( Gauthier -Villars, Paris, 1873).