Jukebox

A jukebox is a machine that ( used to be a penny or two ) takes place through the deposit of coin music. In German, the term " jukebox " in use. In information technology, the term mass storage devices. Jukebox The term comes from the Creole -speaking world and is derived from " jook " or " juke ", which referred to humorously obscene music, dance and language.

History

The predecessor of the jukebox, also jokingly called "dime grave ", the automatic phonograph, a jukebox, the music was happening from a wax cylinder. The units were produced from 1889 in large quantities after Louis Glass had such presented on 23 November 1889 Palais Royal restaurant in San Francisco public. The first phonographs were only short, usually two-minute, play pieces in poor sound quality. That changed later by the invention of shellac record, which increased the length to approximately three to three and a half minutes.

In the 1930s and early 1940s (German coin-operated phonograph ) was the official term " Coin- Operated Phonograph " is used; only from 1946 sat down with the model AMI A ( Mother of Plastic ) by the term Jukebox. In 1936, the Rudolph Wurlitzer Company was, with an annual production of nearly 45,000 units in the U.S. market leader. In the 1940s, the shellac plate was used as a durable storage medium, in the late 1940s already the first single records (speed: 45/min ) came on the market. By GIs stationed in Germany the jukebox in the 1950s was also popular in this country. The breakthrough came in the wake of rock ' n ' roll and performers such as Elvis Presley and Bill Haley.

The classic jukeboxes of the 1940s - the " Golden Age" called - were predominantly made by U.S. manufacturers such as Rudolph Wurlitzer Company, J. P. Seeburg, Rock-Ola, Evans, Mills or Automatic Musical Instrument Corp.. (AMI). The design was characterized by large, colored and illuminated plastic ( Catalin ) and pilasters. In some models, the exchange mechanism was not visible ( Seeburg ).

In the 1950s - the " Silver Age " - style elements of the vehicle design have become increasingly accepted ( tail fins, panoramic windows, taillights, etc.) Preferred materials were chrome and glass. German manufacturers such as Tonomat, Wiegandt, NSM - Löwen and Bergmann also produced during the 1950s. The appearance of these devices reminded usually more furniture or to the German style of the 1950s. In the early 1960s came the German Wurlitzer added as a subsidiary of the Wurlitzer Company (USA ). The company Harting, whose jukeboxes were driven until then by Theo Bergmann ( Hamburg), it took over from the mid-1960s under his own name.

Construction and Technology

A jukebox can 8-120 plates included ( shellac records, conventional single- Records, Compact Discs from the 1980s ), from which you could choose by coin and one made ​​up of letters and / or numbers keyboard a title. The playback was usually about tubes, later transistor amplifier and speakers that were installed in the devices. One of the fascinations of the jukeboxes was the accessible pick-and- play automatic until early / mid 1960s; then she disappeared behind the increasingly title holders or a colorful printed glass. Today there are a museum preserved functioning jukeboxes, where the gripping and automatic playback is visible again, as in the Rock Museum Munich and the Deutsches Museum in Munich.

Jukeboxes in Information Technology

In the context of modern IT systems, the term refers to a Jukebox archiving system for digital data has to satisfy the often extensive requirements in areas such as data security, protection against forgery ( unalterable storage media such as WORM, Ultra Density Optical and MiniDisc ) and availability of data.

A distinction is made between fixed and mobile jukeboxes, because depending on the type of robot arm ( picker ) either only in the vertical (up and down) or horizontally ( rotated or mobile) is mobile.

Furthermore, a distinction on the format of the media is essential. So there are jukeboxes for almost all automation -friendly media. It must also be a clear distinction between a jukebox and an autoloader - an autoloader is not usually designed for larger quantities media and possibly only on batch processing (no individual, random access to media) designed.