Jules Émile Planchon
Jules Émile Planchon ( born March 21, 1823 in Ganges, Hérault, France, † April 1, 1888 in Montpellier) was a French botanist and pharmacy professor at the University of Montpellier. Planchon was known that he calls the " phylloxera " type Phylloxera vastatrix identified and played an important role both in the discovery of the cause as well as in the fight against phylloxera. Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Planch. ".
To phylloxera
1868 baptized Planchon phylloxera vastatrix. In 1873, he was then - with the help of some other experts - to verify that the phylloxera had come from the east coast of the USA to Europe. In the U.S., many vines were against the vastatrix immune, which eventually led to the discovery of an antidote: One targeted Rebveredelung used to combat phylloxera. Scions of European Vitis vinifera were doing grafted onto the rootstock of American vine species that were resistant to the vastatrix. Even today, this approach is the best defense against the destructive insect.
The French government created in 1870 a commission to combat phylloxera, whose most prominent Chairman Louis Pasteur was. The Commission examined over 700 proposals and was largely unsuccessful.
Gaston Bazille, the wine, Planchon and horticultural F. Sahut detected in the biological behavior of the psyllids the key to solving the problem. Bazille began to graft the upper parts ( scion) of the European grape varieties on resistant American documents. The cycle of phylloxera has been successfully disrupted.
This refinement was also equal to the first biological pest control in the history of viticulture. A French delegation determined later in America with the help of the botanist Thomas Volney Munson (1843-1913) the appropriate rootstocks.
Mildew
A native of America mildew fungus was discovered in 1875 by Planchon, the massively stepped into Europe in 1915, 1977, 1983 and 1988 in appearance. This arises from the Plasmopora, a fungus, the Vitis labrusca spared, but feels for the Vitis vinifera an affinity, and all the more so when the weather is hot and humid. It shows itself by an oily stain on the front of the blade, with a white powder on the back and remain on dead leaves. The prevention of mildew goes from inevitable copper salts - this can bordelaise of the Bouillie ( Bordeaux mixture ) go about not harmful synthetic products based on dithiocarbamates to products on Cyxno - Oxamil base, which penetrate into the leaves. Or even further by systemic products that are 12 to 14 days effective.
Spread of phylloxera in Europe
Works
Planchon worked at the factory Flore des Serres et des Jardins de l'Europe. For the multi-volume work Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis by Augustin - de Candolle Pyrame he wrote the treatise of the plant family " Ulmaceae ". For common work Monographiae Phanaerogamarum ... by Alphonse Louis Pierre de Pyrame Candolle and his son Casimir Pyramus de Candolle Anne he wore for the 5th volume " traffic light ideae " at. Together with José Jerónimo Triana he gave Prodromus florae novo granatensis 1862-1873 out. Also along with Triana, he published Memoire sur la the work of the family Guttiferes (1862 ). In collaboration with Jean Jules Linden wrote Preludia florae columbianae (1853 ) and Plantae columbianae (1874 /75).
According to Planchon named taxa
The plant genera Planchonia flower and Planchonella Pierre have been named after him.
Swell
- Encke, Buchheim & Seybold (1993 ) Walleye, Concise Dictionary of Plant Names S.763 14.Aufl. Eugen Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, ISBN 3-8001-5063-8
- Victoria- adventure.org - Biography
- Phylloxera: How Wine What Saved For The World