Juniperus drupacea
Syrian juniper (Juniperus drupacea )
The Syrian juniper (Juniperus drupacea ) is a plant that belongs to the genus of juniper from the family of cypress family ( Cupressaceae ). It is mainly distributed in the eastern Mediterranean region.
Description
The Syrian juniper is the largest Wacholderart with some probability. It grows with a conical habit and reaches stature heights of 10 to 20 meters, exceptionally up to 40 meters. The rather thick, oblong- fibrous bark has a brown - gray coloring. The branches develop spread or ascending. The small terminal branches have a three-page outline. The bark of the one-year branches is greenish and the two-year branches shows a brown tint. The branches bear needle- shaped leaves, which are three of us together in whorls. The needles have a length of up to 25 millimeters, a width of up to 3.5 or up to 4 mm and tapered towards the top. The top of the pins is characterized by two on both sides of the green center rib extending Stomatastreifen white; the bottom shows up green, sometimes gray.
The Syrian juniper is dioecious getrenntgeschlechtig ( dioecious ). The seeds are the main journal pin of the genus juniper and have a diameter of 1.5 to 2.5 centimeter. They are shaped spherical to ovoid, mature in the second year and are edible.
Occurrence
The Syrian juniper is native to the eastern Mediterranean region. More frequent occurrences are in the Taurus Mountains in southern Turkey into northern Syria, Lebanon and Israel reached at Hermon -governing territory.
In Europe, the Syrian juniper has in the southeastern Peloponnese (Greece ) an isolated, 800 km distant from the main complex partial area in Parnon Mountains and a discovery site in the Taygetos Mountains. Furthermore, this type is specified not specified for the Crimean Peninsula, but later repeated.
The Syrian juniper comes either in small groups or individually, in groups with Lebanon cedar (Cedrus libani ), Cilician fir ( Abies cilicica ), black pine (Pinus nigra), stinking juniper (Juniperus foetidissima ) and the Greek spirit juniper (Juniperus excelsa ) ago. The lowest altitude for this type is from 600 to 1500 meters above sea level. They also settled calcareous layers successfully. The largest specimen of this species, and probably also of the genus, a tree in the Turkish province of Kahramanmaras is described in the Taurus Mountains. He is about 40 meters high, measures 1.1 meters in diameter and grows under a group of like high Lebanon Cedar in 980 meters above sea level.
Juniperus drupacea was observed as a host plant of Arceuthobium oxycedri.
System
The Syrian juniper (Juniperus drupacea ) was first described in 1791 by Jacques Julien de Houtou Labillardiere. He is the only species of section Caryocedrus Endl. This section was separated even as a separate genus Arceuthos Antoine & Kotschy of Juniperus with the only kind Arceuthos drupacea ( Labill. ) Antoine & Kotschy. The results of molecular genetic and phytochemical investigations speak but to remain in the genus Juniperus.
Use
The Syrian juniper is used as a raw material in carpentry, joinery and for heating. In addition, the pins are collected and used as vitamins and sugar- rich Mus.
Threats and conservation measures
The Syrian juniper is endangered by timber extraction for the woodworking industry and for heating purposes. There is also a certain threat from grazing; the foliage is, however, very scratchy and so unattractive for animal consumption. Although it has been performed in its entirety by the World Conservation Union IUCN Red List of endangered species, but not as endangered ( "Least Concern" ) referred. However, this assessment is made on the basis of outdated data. A new assessment of the situation on the basis of more recent data is considered necessary.
With the Fauna-Flora -Habitat Directive Nr.92/43/EWG in the updated version of 1 January 2007, the European Union ( the Habitats Directive ) Annex 1 protected area designations for certain habitat types, where juniper species belong in general, required. The isolated occurrence in Greece fall under the provisions of this Directive.
Swell
- Robert P. Adams: Junipers of the World: The genus Juniperus. 2nd edition. Trafford, Victoria 2008, ISBN 978-1-4251-6879-7, page 177, PDF file.
- Christopher J. Earle, MP Frankis: Systematics and description of Juniperus drupacea. In: The Gymnosperm Database. January 22, 2011, accessed on 26 January 2011 ( English).
- Germplasm Resources Information Network ( GRIN): Taxon: Juniperus drupacea Labill. In: GRIN Taxonomy for Plants. United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, accessed on August 3, 2010 (English ).