Juniperus excelsa
Greek juniper in Antalya, Turkey
The Greek juniper (Juniperus excelsa ) is a plant of the genus (Juniperus ) in the family of the cypress family ( Cupressaceae ).
- 5.1 Notes and references
- 5.2 External links
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The Greek juniper grows as evergreen tree, the plant height reaches up to 20 meters or as an upright to lying down shrub. The tree crown is created conical in young trees and later developing into a broad and open habit. The light brown bark dissolves in narrow strips from the trunk. The terete and thin branches reach a diameter of only 0.6 to 0.8 millimeters.
The needle-shaped leaves of juvenile trees have a length of 5 to 6 mm. The scale-like leaves of mature trees are to the terminal branches 0.6 to 1.1 mm long and 0.4 to 0.8 mm wide. They show an ovate - rhombic shape, the branches are firmly pressed, pointed and have on the back of the page, a central ovoid or linealische resin gland. The leaf margins are entire.
Generative features
The Greek juniper is both monoecious ( monoecious ) and dioecious ( dioecious ) getrenntgeschlechtig. The spherical seed pins have a diameter of 8 millimeters. They mature in the second year, are spherical, slightly frosted and when ripe, dark - brown purpurlich. A pin comprising four to six seeds.
Occurrence
The range extends from the eastern Mediterranean ( Albania, southern Bulgaria, Macedonia, northern Greece, Anatolia, Cyprus, Lebanon) on the Black Sea region ( Crimea, Caucasus Region ) to the Alborz mountain range in the south of the Caspian Sea. Its altitudinal distribution ranges from 100 to 1000 meters in the Crimea and up to 2300 meters in the Caucasus and Turkey.
Its holdings form the tree line in several mountain ranges. Its reserves are determined by annual precipitation between 500 and 1000 mm. It occurs mainly on rocky cliffs on calcareous or lime- underground and get there before in pure stands, mixed with other conifers, such as the Stinking juniper or in secondary stands with shrub -like oaks. Further east the species is polycarpos replaced by closely related Juniperus, which is adapted to more extreme climatic conditions.
System
The Greek juniper (Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb. ) Is performed in the section Sabina in the family of the cypress family ( Cupressaceae ) in the genus Juniperus. It was first described by Marshal of Bieberstein in 1798 in the tableau sur la côte des provinces situées occidentale de la mer Caspienne entre les fleuves Terek et Kour. The following synonyms are mentioned among others: Juniperus lycia Pall, Juniperus isophyllos K.Koch, Juniperus olivieri Carrière, Juniperus aegaea Griseb. . and Juniperus taurica ( Pall. ) Lipsky (non Lindl. ).
The other sources as a subspecies of Juniperus excelsa subsp. polycarpos ( K.Koch ) Takht. seen juniper is performed here as a kind of Juniperus polycarpos K.Koch.
Threats and conservation measures
The Greek juniper is common in parts of its range and therefore is not doubtful. The IUCN leads him in their Red List of Threatened Species accordingly with "Least Concern".
The Bulgarian, Greek and Cypriot stocks are affiliated with the Fauna-Flora -Habitat Directive Nr.92/43/EWG in the updated version of 1 January 2007, the European Union ( the Habitats Directive ) Annex 1 by required protected areas, where juniper species protected.