Kabul Shahi

The Hindu Shahi or Kabul Shahan (Shah and Shah = king ) was a Hindu dynasty that ruled between 870 and 1026 in Kabulistan, today's Afghanistan and the Punjab and replaced the so-called Turki Shahi.

They are mentioned in the chronicles Al -Biruni and Kalhana. The Hindu Shahi contributed for centuries successful resistance against Islamization and against the Arab conquests. In their opposition used the Hindu Kabulschahan " Ratbil Shah " (? ) " Zanburak Shah " and " Zanbilak Shah " (all derived from " Zunbil " ), the fortresses and ruins in and around Kabul. Today you can still see the ruins of the kilometer-long Great Wall ', for example, with the help of satellite images well. This wall is on the mountain of Sher- Darwaza, opposite the mountain Assamai.

The dynasty was founded by the Brahmin Lalliya (reigned about 870-902, Al -Biruni calls him Kallar ). He was Minister of the last Kshatriya king (so-called Turki Shahi ) from Kabul, killed that because of his bad behavior and occupied the throne himself. Since the Muslims ( Saffarid ) 870 Kabul had occupied for nearly ten years he moved his capital to Udabhanda at Attock on the Indus. At the time, extended the king of Kashmir, Samkaravarman (reigned 883-902 ) his power back to the Panjab from there drove a vassal used by Lalliya and then even occupied Kabul. The failure Lalliyas was probably due to the fact that he enjoyed no special support as a usurper.

But Samkaravarmans successor in Kashmir closed around 902 a compromise with the Hindu Shahi: it formally annexed Afghanistan through the establishment of Lalliyas Toramana son as the new king ( Kamaluka, reg about 902-940. ) Again, practically it became independent. Shortly thereafter ( at 906) broke turmoil in Kashmir and the Hindu Shahi could take over the Punjab. Then there was around 950 a long-lasting marriage alliance with the royal house of Kashmir: King Bhima Deva (reigned about 940-965 ) Didda granddaughter of Lohara (reigned about 958-1003 ) rose to the queen of cashmere on, Bhima Deva himself is even Kashmir visited there and have donated a Vishnu temple. After Queen Didda then came her nephew (also adopted son ) Sangrama Raja (reigned 1003-1028 ) in Kashmir to power, who held the alliance with the Hindu Sahis upright.

When the greater threat of the Hindu Shahi proved to the Muslims, specifically the Ghaznavids under Alp Tigin (reigned 963-977 ) and Sebük ​​Tigin (r. 977-997 ), who had founded an independent sultanate in Ghazni. They taught the Hindu Shahi and its allies 973, 991 and 1008 heavy defeats and extended their power over the Kabul valley, even though the Hindus, the mountain country could at least defend in winter relatively easy. The kings Jaya Pala (r. 965-1001/2 ) and Trilochana Pala (reigned 1008/13-1021 ) resided because of this constant threat already in Lahore and Sarhind. Trilochana Pala was in the conquests of Mahmud of Ghazni (r. 998-1030 ) in 1021 killed his sons fled to Kashmir and 1026 coincided with Bhima Pala the last king of the dynasty.

The Hindu Shahi were equally as promoters of Hinduism and Buddhism (eg Subahar Monastery in Kabul ), with its demise, Islam prevailed in the Afghan mountains.

Kings

• Lalliya (also: Kallar, about 870-902 reg. )
• Samand (regular? )
• Kamaluka (reigned about 902-940 )
• Bhima Deva (reigned about 940-965 )
• Jaya Pala (aka Jaipal ) (r. about 965-1001/2 )
• Ananda Pala (reigned 1001/02-1012 )
• Trilochana Pala ( Tarojanapal ) (r. 1008/13-1021 )
• Bhima Pala (r. 1021-1026 )