Kalmyk (cattle)

The Kalmyk cattle ( Russian: Калмыцкая, Kalmyzkaja ) is a meat breed of cattle originally from Mongolia and China, bred in Russia.

Origin and breeding history

About the origin of the Kalmyk beef there is no consensus. Some say it came from Indian cattle from, but most experts believe that it is derived from Asian aurochs. Three hundred years ago the breed was bred in the mountains and steppes in Dzungaria (Northwest China), western Mongolia and the southern Altai. As Kalmückenstämme beginning of the 17th century came to the region of the Lower Volga, they also brought with their cattle. The late 19th and early 20th century were bred Simmental and Shorthorn cattle.

Characteristics

  • Two beef cattle types: prematurity (slightly smaller and more delicate ) and late maturity
  • Color red in various shades, white spots on the head, abdomen, legs
  • Muzzle pale, small head, short horns, long face
  • Chest deep, broad, well-developed dewlap
  • Withers, back and loin straight and wide
  • Croup slightly increased
  • Legs strong and correctly
  • Well developed muscles
  • Fur -bodied, long in winter
  • Udder small
  • Skeleton lightly and heavily
  • Hardness
  • Adaptation to the harsh continental climate of Central Asia
  • To graze on food sufficiency, ability leanest pasture
  • Longevity
  • Weight cows 420-500 kg bulls 750-850 kg
  • Good fattening ability increases 800-900 g / day of steers
  • Milk yield 1000-1200 kg and 4.1 to 4.5 % fat ( just 180 - 240 days lactation )
  • Very good meat quality

Regional types

  • North Caucasus
  • Lower Volga
  • Kazakhstan
  • Siberia

The different regional types differ in their weight.

Occurrence today

The race consists of 15 main breeding lines.

Today the breed is in the region of the Lower Volga ( Kalmykia, Volgograd Oblast, Oblast Astrakhan, Rostov oblast ), used in the Stavropol region, in the Chita Oblast, Tuva in, Buryatia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. In 1980, the number of animals 381,000.

Source

  • Http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/ah759e/AH759E08.htm
  • Breed of European cattle house
Altai Mountains Volga River Fleckvieh cattle Caucasus Mountains Stavropol Krai
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