Kamo (Bolshevik)

Kamo, actually Semyon (Simon ) Arschakowitsch Ter -Petrossian (also often referred to as Petrossian or Petrosian transliterated ) ( born May 6, 1882 in Gori, † July 14, 1922 in Tbilisi ) was a Georgian revolutionary ( Bolshevik ) and politician of Armenian descent.

• 2.1 archives
• 2.2 monographs and articles

Life and work

Early years (1882-1906)

Kamo was born the son of a rich entrepreneur Arshak Ter -Petrossian and his wife Maria in the Georgian town of Gori. After he was expelled from school in 1898, his parents sent him to continue his training to Tbilisi. There he met the young Josef Dzhugashvili, later Joseph Stalin, know which inspired him to the teachings of Marxism and won to the cause of revolutionary Russian social democracy, which he joined in 1902.

Ter - Petrossian received by Stalin nicknamed Kamo when he komu the word in learning the Russian language or кому for " whom " incorrectly as kamo repeatedly uttered. This was his code and nickname later.

Chemosh first revolutionary action was the throwing down of socialist pamphlets in the orchestra pit of the Armenian opera house in Tbilisi in February 1903. He was one of the founders of a large illegal book printing house of the Social Democrats in Tbilisi and was one of the organizers of the First Congress of Caucasian Social-Democratic organizations. In November of the same year he was first arrested for carrying of revolutionary literature. After spending four months in solitary confinement in the city of Batumi, he succeeded - after returning to the regular prison - themselves becoming infected with malaria and to use a stay in the infirmary of the prison in September 1904 to escape.

The established names bandit and revolutionary (1907-1917)

1907 Kamo was seriously injured by a homemade bomb, so that his left eye was now on half blind and he squinted at noticeable way. On June 13 of that year Kamo led by Joseph Stalin planned the raid on the Bank of Tbilisi, where he captured 250,000 rubles for the Bolshevik cause. After Kamo pass the loot to Lenin and had spent with this the month of July in a dacha in Kuokkala (Finland), he fled to Germany, where he in November 1907 - unmasked by an agent provocateur called Schitomirski - in Berlin with a suitcase full of dynamite was arrested as " anarchist terrorist." After six months faking a mental illness - probably to escape the extradition to Russia - he was sent in May 1908 in a psychiatric hospital. After a year of residency in psychiatry he was pronounced " incurably mentally ill", which resulted in the impossibility of a criminal conviction and returned to Berlin. In November 1909 finally took place the transfer to Russia, where they imprisoned him in the castle Metekh first and later in the mental hospital. From there he escaped in August 1911. The persecution by the police he withdrew it, hiding himself in the main administrative center of the local police.

Then Kamo initially fled to Constantinople Opel, later to Paris, where he met again with Lenin. After an operation in Belgium, in a letter written by Lenin's wife Nadezhda Krupskaya Konstantinovna According Chemosh squint that made him easily recognizable for investigators has been resolved, he returned the end of 1912 back to Tbilisi.

After another raid in January 1913 he was arrested again and sentenced in March to death, but pardoned on the occasion of the three hundredth anniversary of the Romanov dynasty to twenty years of forced labor, which he spent in 1915 in Kharkov, where he worked as a Closer.

In particular, under this section, his life was Kamo, especially in Russia and Germany in the first half of the 20th century to a " legendary figure" whose - real and fictional - Adventure met with keen interest. Encouraged that impression was through the picturesque features of Chemosh criminal activities, such as his extraordinary disguise talent, his talent as a prison escapee ( " the Houdini of the Fugitive " ) and his numerous daring Hussars pieces, such as the cowboy -like jump on the wagon seat a fast-moving money transporter during an attack on Bank of Tbilisi in 1907.

Later years (1917-1922)

Kamo died in July 1922 in a motorcycle accident in Tbilisi, often with the suspicion is raised that this has been "arranged " by Stalin.

Kamo, Lenin nostalgic a designated benevolent as his " Caucasian bandits " and Stalin in his later years as " truly fantastic person," left self-written memoirs - have so far remained unpublished, but are occasionally used by historians - kept in Russian archives.