Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner
Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner ( born October 31, 1783 in Pommern in Pomerania; † July 13, 1857 in Erlangen, Germany ) was a German chemist and professor of physics and chemistry at several universities in Germany.
Life
Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner was born on 31 October 1783 in Pommern in Pomerania. His father, Johann Friedrich Gottlob Kastner was, alongside his work as rector of the town school teacher of religion, German language, history, geography, mathematics and natural history as well as a Protestant pastor. After the displacement of the father to Swinoujscie Kastner began there in 1798 a pharmacist in teaching the pharmacist Gustav Benjamin Geisler. In his spare time, he led in the laboratory of pharmacy through various chemical experiments on the reactions of metals with acids and alkalis.
Even during his apprenticeship Kastner received by the pharmacist Flittner of Solomon 's Pharmacy in Berlin an offer as an assistant, which he assumed in the fall of 1801 and moved to Berlin. In addition to his pharmaceutical work in Berlin, he already attended lectures. In 1802 he worked for the duration of a semester as an assistant professor Bourgnet by this helped in experiments of the lectures "Experimental Chemistry " and " experimental physics ". Since Kastner attached great importance to a practical reference, the same year he took an offer of an enterprise in, in which he by various processes such as dyeing care.
After the operation ran into financial difficulties, he moved in 1803 to Neustadt near Stolpen. There he took over the management of the pharmacy by Ernst Friedrich Struve. While he was on the 1804 trip to Göttingen to work there as an assistant chemistry professor Johann Friedrich Gmelin, a relative ran her the necessary financial support, so that Kastner had to stop over in Jena. There he had to matriculate at the University of Jena on 29 April 1804 as the student of medicine. During his studies of different natural sciences, he made important contacts in Jena and already held regularly lectures on chemistry. Again, he had to use a laboratory thanks to the physician Wilhelm Karl Friedrich Suckow, the possibility until he received his doctorate at Johann Friedrich August Göttling on 5 November 1804. His dissertation dealt with " The behavior of substances at different temperatures ."
In 1805 he began his professorial career, when he was appointed as Assistant Professor of Arts. He lectured on universal chemistry, physiology of the body and history of inorganic chemistry. In the same year he became associate professor of chemistry at the University of Heidelberg. First, he lectured on experimental chemistry and " Physiology of inorganic nature," later also agricultural chemistry, physics, mineralogy, plant physiology and " Encyclopedia of the whole science ." In Heidelberg he became in 1806 a member of the Masonic Lodge " Carl the Good Hope ". After he was appointed in 1810 as full professor at the University of Heidelberg and several attempts to improve chemical education, failed, left Kastner 1812 Heidelberg and was a full professor of physics and chemistry at the University of Halle. His activities there, he interrupted from October 1813 to October 1814 to take up his voluntary military service. To this end, he oversaw four Russian and Prussian military hospitals in Halle and also worked as a doctor. After his return he published several magazines and published his first works. On December 28, 1816, he was a member of the " Imperial Leopoldinisch - Carolinischen German Academy of Natural Scientists " Leopoldina.
On October 9, 1818, he joined one of the first full professors at the University of Bonn, where he was already appointed on 21 October 1818 Dean of the Faculty of Arts. Due to the political situation left Kastner Bonn and taught from 1821 to 1857 as a professor of chemistry and physics at the University of Erlangen. Again, he gave numerous lectures related to physics and chemistry, with its greater interest in chemistry was. Justus von Liebig studied with him. In the years 1834, 1838, 1842, 1846 and 1853 he was elected Dean of the Faculty of Arts Erlanger. In addition to teaching in Erlangen Kastner was a member of the Management Committee. He also wrote several textbooks and scientific papers.
Due to his poor health had Kastner cede most of the tasks of physics in 1857. In addition, he was released by the Directorate of the chemical laboratory. On July 13, 1857 Karl Wilhelm Gottlob Kastner died after a long illness.
His nephew was the landscape painter Bernhard Fries (1820-1879); his brother in law 's father, the banker, industrialist and Paintings Collector's Christian Adam Fries ( 1766-1847 ).
Honors
Works
- Contributions to the creation of a scientific chemistry. 1807
- Floor plan of chemistry for the use of his lecture. 1807
- Floor plan of experimental physics. 1810
- Chemical Handwörterbuch. 1813
- Encyclopaedic survey of the whole science. 1813
- Introduction into modern chemistry. 1814
- Elementary physics and chemistry. 1821, 2nd edition 1833
- Observationes de electromagnetismo. 1821
- Theory of Polytechnochemie. 1827-1828
- Handbook of Meteorology. 3 volumes, Erlangen 1823-30
- To Polytechnologie our time. 1836
- For the overall theory of nature. 3 parts, Stuttgart 1849
- Handbook of applied natural science. 1849
- Chemistry to explain the experimental physics. 1850