Kerria japonica
Kerrie ( Kerria japonica), wild-type
The Japanese Kerrie ( Kerria japonica), Japanese山 吹Yamabuki, also called Kerria or gold florets, is the only species of the monotypic genus Kerria and belongs to the rose family ( Rosaceae ). It is native to East Asia. This species and its varieties are hardy in many areas of Central Europe and are used as ornamental plants for parks and gardens.
- 5.1 Additional literature
- 5.2 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The Kerrie is a deciduous shrub, reaching heights of growth of mostly 1-2, rarely up to 3 meters. It grows upright with virgate, green branches, which are initially edged. It spreads over long streamers. The bark of the branches is finely striated and glabrous; at first it is green.
The change-constant leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is 5-15 mm long and bare. The simple, bright green leaf blade triangular - ovate to ovate, acuminate, 3-10 cm long and 2-4 cm wide. The leaf margin is sharply doubly serrate. The membranous stipules have a ciliated edge and fall off after flowering.
Generative features
The flowers are individually terminally on short lateral branches. The bald flower stalk is 8-15 mm long. Those with a diameter of 2.5 to 6 cm relatively large, hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and fünfzählig with double perianth. The flower cup ( hypanthium ) is flat, short plate-shaped. Also in the fruit of the five ovate - elliptic sepals are still visible and have a smooth or serrated edge. The five with 1.5 to 2 × 1 to 1.8 cm wide, elliptical, short spiked petals are one to four times as long as the sepals and yellow in the wild form. In the wild form many stamens are present. The flowers of some cultivated forms are filled, there are many stamens transformed kronblattartig, so that a " Strubbelköpfchen " forms. The flowering period extends from April to June. The cultivated form of Kerria japonica ' Pleniflora ' forms in the fall often late flowering. There are five free carpels present, each with two ovules. The thin pen is upright. The main flowering period extends from April to June.
The bald, wrinkled, brownish - black achenes are obovate or globose with 4 to 4.5 × 3.5 to 4 mm. The fruits mature from June to August.
Chromosome number and the ingredients
The chromosome number is 2n = 18
The seeds contain small amounts of amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside, as may occur in seeds of other Rosaceae.
Occurrence and use
The wild form of Kerrie is originally from China. Cultivated forms are known mainly from Japan. It thrives in almost all not to acidic soils and is considered " air pollution ". It is very resistant to exhaust fumes and is often planted in gardens and along roadsides. In Europe it is naturalized in Switzerland and western Russia, wild in other countries only partially.
System
Kerria japonica is the only species of the genus Kerria from the tribe Kerrieae in the subfamily Spiraeoideae within the family Rosaceae.
Kerria japonica synonyms for (L. ) DC. are: Rubus L. japonicus, Corchorus japonicus Thunb ..
Cultivated forms (selection)
The cultivated forms are slightly larger in all parts, and develop longer spurs than the wild type.
- ' Picta ': This rare cultivar has green and white variegated leaves.
- ' Pleniflora ': This popular cultivar has bright golden yellow flowers with a diameter of up to 5 cm. Unlike the wild type, the flowers of this variety are filled.
- ' Simplex ': The flowers of this form are simple, similar to the Wildtyp.b.
Swell
- Li Chaoluan, Hiroshi Ikeda & Hideaki Ohba: Kerria in the Flora of China, Volume 9, page 192: genus and species - Online. (Section Description and systematics)
Additional literature
- Botanica. Tandem Verlag GmbH, 2003, ISBN 3-89731-900-4
- Aichele, Schwegeler: What tree is that Franckh Kosmos, Stuttgart, 1992, ISBN 3-44006570-7?
- Foth, Daunderer, Kormann: Poison plant poisons. Nikol, Hamburg. ISBN 3-933203-31-7