Knitting

Knitting is the production of mesh with the help of one or more filaments or yarns and two or more needles. The thread is to devoured on the needle with itself.

Knits are in comparison with tissues thick, heavy, heat-insulating and transparent.

• 2.1 knitting by hand
• 2.2 Machine Knitting

History

Machine knitting

While the work is created, the row of stitches with all single stitch at a time, the stitches are formed sequentially during knitting. 1856 was the Englishman Mathew Townsend of Leicester issued a joint needle ( latch needle ) patented. With the help of this needle the stitch formation process has been easier than with lace needles. 1881, double latch needle of Durand was invented. This could now be built from links - links knitting machines. In terms of design, a distinction is flat and circular knitting machines used for both manual as well as for the engine operation in question.

See also → knitting machine.

Techniques

Knitting by hand

The material used Handstrickgarn which can for example consist of silk, wool, cotton, viscose, or acrylic. The knitting needles are made of steel, (bamboo ) wood, plastic or carbon fiber, are 15 to 50 cm long, everywhere equally strong (2-20 mm) and tapered at the ends slightly. If you knit with two needles, these are provided at one end with a mesh stopper so that the stitches will not slip. In one way needle are placed by knotting stitches; this needle is taken up in the left hand and puts the hanging at the last stitch yarn over the index finger to the other fingers; with the held by the right hand second needle pricking in the first stitch, summarizes the needle through tight tightened thread, pulls it through the stitch through it and have it slip off the needle. Since the thread continues running without interruption, all stitches are joined together. The attitude of the knitting needles differs between countries, ie it is eg different in Germany than in Italy. The pictures show the procedure in " English " way of knitting (commonly used in Anglo-Saxon, partly also in the Netherlands and France ), in which the yarn with the right hand is out. In a "continental " knitting way that is common in German-speaking countries, the thread is done with the left hand and brought with the right needle through the existing stitch.

We distinguish right-and left -knitted mesh. When right knitting YO from the front into the stitch and pull the thread from back to front through the purl it is vice versa. Is knitting overlap or strip -like, so one uses two needles and spends more time at the end of the needle knitting around. If you want to knit a round, so you need four or five needles (called a needle ) or a circular needle, which consists of two interconnected through an Fibres needles. If one uses a game, so the stitches are distributed on four needles, the fifth is used for casting off the stitches. With circular needle, the stitches are abgestrickt continuously, making a tubular knitted fabric is produced. Due to the variation of right and left loops, waste and increases, envelopes, interleaving the mesh and other kinds of knitted formations you can use different patterns in the knitting bring ( knitting pattern ). With the so-called double knitting method, which was mainly in East Prussia at home, two different colored yarns are entangled. This caps, stockings or gloves can be manufactured so that when completely turn inside out the same pattern, but can be seen in the other color.

Can be knitted almost all kinds of garments, such as socks, sweaters, skirts, jackets, sweaters, hoods, but also art knitting blankets, curtains, carpets etc.

Machine knitting

With industrial circular knitting machines can be produced particularly fine knits, flat knitting machines produce with cotton, wool, or synthetic yarns, garments, such as sweaters. How thick the fabric is wearing and what properties it has, depends, inter alia, on the knitting machine, the type of yarn used, the fiber material used and the knitted construction.

Industrial knitting and warp knitting machines are not the same as hand knitting machines, and home knitting machines, such as those used in the 1960s and 1970s and in recent years (as of 2009 ) again increased in the home or hobby area. The production of a garment in a single step is not possible with such devices. Although the operation is similar to that of an industrial machine, the stitches hanging in a number of latch needles and abgestrickt by a mobile carriage, and then the fabric is further processed in the same manner as in the hand knitting.

Knitting pattern

• The knit stitch, in which the new loop is pulled from behind coming forward through the old loop ( ie, the transverse part of the thread is back)
• The purl stitch, in which the thread is pulled through from the front to the rear, wherein the transverse part comes to lie at the front.

Both each forming the back of the other. All other " mesh " are just variations of the right or left of knitting. Worth mentioning in this connection except the left and right mesh:

• Folded / twisted stitch ( stitch rotated 180 ° on the needle )
• Envelope
• Tog several stitches
• Mesh knit cables ( for example, for cable knit )
• Record meshes or strike at the beginning of the knitting or the number of meshes to increase
• Mesh record from the previous row to achieve curvature effects
• Cast off at the end of the knitting or the number of meshes to reduce
• Mesh stand to provide extended in the height to achieve two or more rows of continuous meshes, which are then often also interlaces.

By combining these meshes obtained different patterns.

Knitting current

In open knitting courses, so-called knitting wreath, also young people meet and get tips and tricks from a knitting designer. The Radical- crafting movement combines knitting with politics. Young people use knitting as a way to protest against industrially produced commodity. The art scene has discovered the knitting again for themselves. When Urban Knitting knitting guerrilla activists knit items such as sculptures, trees or gutters a colorful. The Texan Magda Sayeg and her knitting collective KnittaPlease are considered the inventors of the Urban Knittings. In 2005 they adorned telephone booths with knitting patterns.