Kuchik Khan
Mirza Kutschak Khan (Persian ميرزا كوچك خان; well Koutschek, Kutschak, Kuchek, Koutschak; * 1880 in Rasht, † December 2, 1921 in the province of Ardabil, Iran) - the Nehzat -e Jangal ( the leader of the movement was Dschangali Forest movement ) - of Gilan ( northern Iran ).
Life
Kutschak Mirza Khan, who actually Younes was called, was the son of Mirza Bozorg. Bozorg in Persian means as much as large, while kutschak the importance of small. The son of the Great Mirza was therefore logically called the Small Mirza ( Mirza Kutschak ). Born in 1880 in Rasht, he went to Islamic schools in Rasht and later in Tehran. At 25, he gave up his theology studies, joined to the constitutional movement and supported the Constitutional Revolution, which led Iran to abolish the absolutist monarchy, the introduction of an aligned by western models constitution and the election of a parliament.
The newly created constitutional monarchy did not bring, as hoped by many supporters of the constitutional movement, a political reorientation of Iran. Inside the nobility and large landowners, and thus the old political elites kept the power on in hands. Externally, consisted mainly on the dependence on Great Britain and czarist Russia. With like-minded Mirza founded in Gilan own independent movement Nehzat -e Jangal ( Forest movement ) that supports the communist Russia in June 1920 proclaimed independent of the central government in Tehran Iranian Soviet Republic.
On August 4, 1921 Kutschak Khan was able to stage a coup, along with Haidar Khan Amu Ogli to power. To escape an offensive Iranian government forces under Prime Minister Ahmad Qavam, he slew Haidar Khan and offered under the condition of autonomy of the province of Gilan his capitulation. Prime Minister Qavam and Reza Khan, at that time commander of the Cossack Brigade, however, did not respond to this offer and smashed the Dschangali movement. Mirza Kutschak Khan was picked up half frozen, brought to Rasht and beheaded on 2 December 1921. His severed head was taken as proof of his death to Tehran and passed Reza Khan on 10 December 1921. The writer Ebrahim Fakhrayi, a nephew and supporter of Mirza Kutschak Khan has brought the head of Kutschak Khan back to Rasht in the grave of Kutschak Khan. Fakhrayi was buried after his death in addition Kutschak Khan.
Literature (selection )
- Ebrahim Fakhrayi Sardar -e Jangal ( The Commander of the jungle ). Tehran: Javidan, 1983.
- Gregor Yaghikiyan: Shooravi vā jonbesh e - jangal ( The Soviet Union and the movement of the jungle). Borzouyeh Dehgan, Tehran: Novin, 1984.