Lactarius lignyotus

Mohrenkopf - Milchling ( Lactarius lignyotus )

The Moor's head - Milchling or carrot -headed Milchling ( Lactarius lignyotus ), is a species of fungus in the family Täublingsverwandten ( Russulaceae ). He is a medium sized Milchling with a brown hat and a long black, also black brown stalk. This contrasts with the white blades. The watery white milk turns in the air, salmon. The Milchling comes in mountain forests with spruce needle quite common and is an esteemed edible mushroom. In many parts of Germany it is quite rare, however. The fungus is known locally as the chimney sweep, chimney sweep or Pasterle.

• 6.1 Notes and references

Features

Macroscopic characteristics

The hat is 2-6 cm wide and shields quickly. He is brown to black and has in the central valley is always a more or less pronounced small, pointed hump ( papilla ). Other color variations from light brown to almost white are possible. The surface is finely velvety, matte, often with many veins and furrows. The 4-12 cm tall stalk has about the same color as the hat and also has its velvety surface. At the top it is often wrinkled and the fins a little run down at him. They are whitish and form a strong color contrast to stick and hat. Only at the age they are whitish- ocher. The stem is sharply demarcated color to the bright lamellae, there is no gradual transition in the other color. The flesh is whitish; the issuing therefrom milk is watery and slowly colored salmon pink on the air. It tastes mildly nutty, sometimes slightly bitter. The spore powder is pale cream to yellowish- orange and amyloid.

Microscopic characteristics

The spores are round to broadly elliptic, and measure an average of 9.0 to 9.3 microns × 8.3 to 8.5 microns. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width ) is 1.0-1.2. The spores ornament is up to 1.8 microns high and consists of a few warts and irregular, burred ribs which are mostly connected to an incomplete network. The Hilarfleck is amyloid in the outer part. The schmalkeuligen basidia are 55-70 microns long and 10-14 microns wide and are - as with most Milkcaps - viersporig.

The numerous pleurocystidia come in the form of Parazystiden. They measure 30-65 microns × 5-9 microns and are more or less cylindrical and partially septate or branched. The slats are busy cutting sterile and with numerous Parazystiden. These are 15-40 microns long and 4-6 microns wide. Also, they are more or less cylindrical to narrowly clavate and often slightly sinuous or irregular, sometimes they are branched and multi- septate. As the pleurocystidia they are thin-walled and translucent ( hyaline ). The typical Milkcaps Makrozystiden missing.

The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a Hymenoepithelium and consists of rounded, oval to pear-shaped 10-30 microns long and 6-16 microns wide cells. These cells originate in the uppermost layer, the cylindrical to clavate hyphae, which are about 15-40 microns long and 4-10 microns wide and inside the cells contain a brown dye.

Artabgrenzung

The Mohr -headed Milchling is usually easy to recognize. Typical of him is the striking contrast between the white slats for black brown hat, the strikingly Grooves fluted stem tip and turned pink discoloring milk. Microscopically, it is characterized by its large, round spores with coarse, spiny spores acting ornament. Similarly, perhaps more of dunkelhütige Pitch-black Milchling (L. picinus ), which can occur at comparable locations. However, he has a smooth hat and a completely smooth stem. In addition, his hat has no papilla and its milk tastes sharp. A certain similarity also has the inedible Rußbraune Milchling (L. fuliginosus ), but occurs in deciduous forest and has a bitter milk.

Ecology

Preferred habitat is mountainous coniferous forests with acidic soils. As of mycorrhizal symbioses Mohrenkopf Milchling goes particularly like one with spruce. It grows from August to October and can in favorable locations also occur in masses, however, usually it appears singly or in smaller groups.

Dissemination

The Mohr -headed Milchling occurs in North America (USA, Canada ), North Asia (Japan, Korea) and Europe. In North America it is especially prevalent in the Northeast, where it forms a species complex, with several varieties or subspecies.

In Europe, the Milchling is partly quite common but unevenly distributed. As boreal and montane species, it is particularly common in Scandinavia and Northern and Eastern Europe, while it occurs in southern and central Europe, almost exclusively in the mountains.

In Germany the Milchling from the Danish border is distributed unevenly through into the Alps. In North-West and Central Germany the Milchling is rare to very rare. Only in southern Germany and especially in Bavaria the Milchling is slightly more common. As the fungus almost exclusively occurs in the mountain needle forests, one usually found only in the Alps, the foothills of the Alps, the Black Forest, the Bavarian and Upper Palatinate Forest, the Fichtelgebirge and the Franconian Forest, the Thuringian Forest and Slate Mountains, in the Ore Mountains and in the resin. In the Rhenish Slate Mountains and the Rhön the Mohr -headed Milchling is rare. In Austria and Switzerland, the Milchling as in Bavaria is pretty common.

The Milchling is in many states on the Red List. In Baden Württemberg and Lower Saxony, he is listed in the risk category RL3 and in Hesse, Saarland and Rhineland -Palatinate, the species is considered critically endangered ( RL2). In Schleswig -Holstein ( RL1) is even threatened with extinction. Also in North Rhine -Westphalia and Mecklenburg -Western Pomerania, the species is extremely rare and therefore potentially threatened with extinction.

Importance

Like many other fungi also, the Moor head Milchling is raw inedible. Processed but he is an excellent edible mushroom with very good flavor.

Swell

• Ewald Gerhardt: mushrooms. BLV Verlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-8354-0053-5.
• Rose Marie Dähncke: 200 mushrooms. 5th edition, published daily paper Aargau, Aarau 1992, ISBN 3-85502-145-7.