Lavandula
Common Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia ), illustration
Lavender ( Lavandula ) is a genus of flowering plants of the mint family ( Lamiaceae). Economic importance of the True Lavender ( Lavandula angustifolia), the Speik lavender (Lavandula latifolia ) and the hybrid lavender are (Lavandula hybrida ).
Description and ecology
Vegetative characteristics
The lavender species are subshrubs, small shrubs or rarely perennial herbaceous plants. Young branches are often square. All parts of the plant contain essential oils. The aromatic fragrant, against constantly arranged to whorled, sessile leaves are entire, rarely dentate or pinnatisect, and often densely hairy.
Generative features
In terminal, long -stalked disc Nourish are Halbquirle. In the axils of membranous or often colorful bracts, which differ significantly from the foliage leaves and hardly extend beyond the calyxes are in the Halbquirlen usually three to five (one to ten ) flowers together. If cover pages are present, they are relatively small. The flowers are short- stalked or nearly sessile.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth. The five sepals are fused, usually with 13 ( 8-15 ) nerves; the calyx tube cylindric, his upper lip is usually monodentate and tetradentate the lower lip. The calyx teeth are small, the upper supports at the top of a heart-shaped or inverted - egg-shaped appendage. The five petals are fused into a double lip crown, which usually has an intense blue to violet color. The upper lip has two, the lower lip three round, flat or slightly recurved corolla lobes. There are two longer and two shorter stamens, all fertile and bent forward. Stamens and style shorter than the corolla tube and therefore not visible. Two carpels are fused into a superior ovaries, which is divided by a false septum in four parts. The simple style has two blades ovate stigma lobes. Pollination is by insects ( entomophily ) or birds ( Ornithophilie ).
The Klaus fruits fall into four thin -skinned, shiny Klausen, which have a small, ground - up move permanent approach area ( areola ).
Systematics and distribution
The genus Lavandula was erected in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, p 572. Synonyms for Lavandula L. are: Chaetostachys Benth, Fabricia Adans, Isinia Rech f, Sabaudia Buscal. .. & Muschl. , Stoechas Mill, Styphonia Medik.
The genus Lavandula belongs to Lavandulinae subtribes of the tribe Ocimeae in the subfamily Nepetoideae within the Lamiaceae family. Seven species occur in Europe.
The genus Lavandula occurs on the Atlantic islands in the Mediterranean region, Africa, Southwest Asia to India.
The genus Lavandula contains 28 to 37 species. It is divided into three subgenera and eight sections:
- Subgenus Lavandula: Lavandula section: Common Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill ): He comes from the north-eastern Spain to Italy before.
- Woolly lavender (Lavandula lanata Boiss. ): The home is southern Spain.
- Broad-leaved lavender (Lavandula latifolia Medik. ): It is spread from Spain to Italy.
- French lavender (Lavandula dentata L.): He is in the western Mediterranean area, distributed in northeastern Africa and the Middle East.
- Lavandula pedunculata (Mill.) Cav. The distribution area is the Iberian Peninsula, northwestern Africa, the Aegean Sea and Turkey.
- Lavandula stoechas (Lavandula stoechas L.): It is common to the Mediterranean.
- Lavandula viridis L' Hér. The home is southern Portugal and south-western Spain.
- Section Pterostoechas Ching.: Lavandula antineae Maire: The home is the mountains of the Sahara ( Algeria, Niger, Chad).
- Lavandula bramwellii Upson & S.Andrews: The home is the island of Gran Canaria.
- Lavandula buchii Webb & Berthel. The home is Tenerife.
- Lavandula canariensis ( L.) Mill: The home of the Canary Islands.
- Lavandula citriodora AGMill. , The home is the southwestern Arabian Peninsula.
- Lavandula coronopifolia Poir. The range extends from the Cape Verde Islands to the southern Iran.
- Lavandula mairei Humbert: The home is Morocco.
- Lavandula maroccana Murb. The home is Morocco.
- Lavandula minutolii Bolle: The home of the Canary Islands.
- Farnblättriger lavender (Lavandula multifida L.): The range extends from southern Portugal to southern Italy and North Africa to the north-eastern Sudan.
- Lavandula pinnata Lundmark: The home is Madeira and Lanzarote.
- Lavandula pubescens Decne. The range extends from the southeastern Mediterranean region to the west of the Arabian Peninsula.
- Lavandula rejdalii Upson & Jury: The home is southern Morocco.
- Lavandula rotundifolia Benth. , The home of the Cape Verde Islands.
- Lavandula saharica Upson & Jury: The home is southern Algeria, southern Libya and the southwestern Egypt.
- Lavandula tenuisecta Coss. ex Ball: The home is Morocco.
- Lavandula aristibracteata AGMill. The home is the northern Somalia.
- Lavandula dhofarensis AGMill. The home is the southern Oman.
- Lavandula galgalloensis AGMill. The home is the northern Somalia.
- Lavandula macra Baker: The home is the northern Somalia and the southern Arabian Peninsula.
- Lavandula nimmoi Benth. in APDE Candolle: It is endemic to the island of Socotra.
- Lavandula qishnensis Upson & S.Andrews: The home is the south-eastern Yemen.
- Lavandula samhanensis Upson & S.Andrews: The home is the southern Oman.
- Lavandula setifera T.Anderson: The home is the north-eastern Somalia and the southern Yemen.
- Lavandula somaliensis Chaytor: The home is the northern Somalia.
- Lavandula subnuda Benth. , The home is the countries of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf and the northeastern Oman.
- Lavandula bipinnata ( Roth) Kuntze: The home is India.
- Lavandula gibsonii J.Graham: The home is the western and southwestern India.
- Lavandula hasikensis AGMill. The home is the southern Oman.
- Subgenus Sabaudia ( Buscal. & Muschl. ) Upson & S.Andrews:
- Lavandula atriplicifolia Benth. in APDE Candolle: The home is Egypt and the western Arabian Peninsula.
- Lavandula erythraeae ( Chiov. ) Cufod. The home is Eritrea.
Oil recovery
From the inflorescences with stems of lavender oil is produced. See main article → Common Lavender