Leonhard Sohncke

Leonhard Sohncke ( born February 22, 1842 in Halle, † November 1, 1897 in Munich) was a mathematician, scientist and professor of physics in Karlsruhe, Jena and Munich.

Life

Leonhard Sohncke was the second son of the mathematician Ludwig Adolf Sohncke (1807 - 1853). Leonhard Sohncke studied from 1859 Mathematics and Natural Sciences at the University of Halle. In 1865, he became a teacher at a school in Königsberg, where he continued his studies at the University of Königsberg. His PhD. Hall in 1866, he joined with a mathematical work, which goes back to the suggestion of Heinrich Eduard Heine, " De aequatione differentiali seriei hypergeometricae " from.

In 1866 he married his cousin Elise Bernhardi. They had two daughters, Dora and Elsbeth ( married 1888 the pastor Ernst Böhme ).

In 1869, he put in Königsberg with Franz Ernst Neumann from his habilitation with a thesis on the cohesion of the rock salt.

In 1871, Leonhard Sohncke on recommendation by Gustav Robert Kirchhoff professor of experimental physics at the Polytechnic to Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology today, and also took over the management of the local Meteorological Observatory. In 1871 he was co-founder of the Geological Society Upper Rhine.

In 1883 he became a full professor of Physics and the first director of its Institute of Physics at the University of Jena.

In 1886 he moved to Munich to the Chair for Experimental Physics ( successor of Wilhelm Beetz ) and ran it until his death in 1897 the Physics Department at the Technical University of Munich.

Work

One focus of the research was Sohnckes solid state physics, where he developed theories of crystal structure. He expanded introduced by Auguste Bravais lattice point 14 ( Bravais lattice ) to 65 space groups ( Sohncke - space groups ) that involve only rotation axes and screw axes. In the field of birefringence and polarization, he worked with Ernst Abbe and Siegfried Czapski. Together with Albert Wangerin he published work on optical interference and Newton's rings.

Another focus was the meteorology, where he dealt with the thunderstorm electricity and weather forecasts. He confirmed the discovery by Michael Faraday, that electricity is generated by friction of water on ice and demonstrated that this effect is an essential source of electrical phenomena in the atmosphere forms ( Faraday Sohncke effect). He was one of the pioneers of scientific ballooning, co-founder and chairman of the Munich Association for airships. Together with Sebastian Finsterwalder he published significant meteorological results of this ballooning.

For teaching Sohncke developed a series of experiments and descriptive models. In close contact with Adolf Ferdinand Weinhold, the active at the TU Chemnitz " Nestor of Electrical Engineering", he led a lecture electrical experiments.

Honors

He was extraordinary in 1887 and 1889 a full member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. In 1892 he became an honorary doctorate from the University of Padua.

In his honor, there in Munich Sohncke Street and in Karlsruhe the Leonhard- Sohncke pathway. At the former first Physics Institute in Jena, Neugasse 24, whose construction was planned by Ernst Abbe and implemented by Sohncke, a memorial plaque to him.

Works (selection)

  • De aequatione differentiali seriei hypergeometrica, Halle, 1866
  • About the cohesion of the rock salt in krystallographisch different directions, promotion, Königsberg in 1869, see also Annals of Physics and Chemistry, CXXXVII, no. 6, pp. 12 ff, 1869
  • On the theory of optical rotatory power of crystals. Mathem. Annals of C. Neumann. Vol IX, 1870, pp. 504-529.
  • The unlimited regular point systems as the basis of a theory of Krystallstruktur. 83 pages. 2 panels, Karlsruhe 1876. Separate casting from the 7th edition of the proceedings of the naturwissensohaftl. Association to Karlsruhe.
  • Universal model of the space lattice. Repertory of Experimental Physics. Vol XII. In 1876. 6 pages.
  • Development of a theory of Krystallstruktur. B.G. Teubner, Leipzig 1879
  • An apparatus for the study of Newton's rings, Ann. Phys. 13, 1881
  • Sohncke, L., Wangerin A. New investigations on the Newton's rings, Ann. Phys. 12, 1881
  • L. Sohncke, A. Wangerin, overnight interference phenomena in thin particular wedge-shaped leaflets, Ann Phys. 256 ( 19), 177-227 (1883) and 256 (11), 391-425 (1883)
  • Understandable common presentations from de fields of physics, Jena, Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1892.
  • Advanced theory of Krystallstruktur, Journal of Crystallography 14, 426-446 (1888 )
  • Gewitterelectrizität and ordinary Luftelectrizität, Meterol. Journal 5, 1888
  • Thunderstorm studies due to ballooning, academic treatises 18, 1895, Munich
  • Finsterwalder, S., Sohncke, L. Scientific rides the Munich Association for air shipping, Meterolo. Zeitsch. 11, 1894, pp. 375-376
  • As to the importance of scientific ballooning, speeches from November 15, 1894 Munich, Munich, Verlag der kb Academy, 1894.
Friedrich Heinrich Albert Wangerin Hermann Ebert Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Integrated Authority File
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