Lepidium ruderale
Debris - cress ( Lepidium ruderal )
The debris - cress ( Lepidium ruderal ), also known as Stink - cress or way - cress, is a species of the genus of cress ( Lepidium ) within the family (Brassicaceae ). It is widespread in Eurasia.
- 8.1 Notes and references
Description
Appearance and leaf
The debris - cress grows as overwintering green, one or two perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth of mostly 10 to 35 (5 to 55) centimeters. It smells most unpleasant strong smell cress, especially when rubbed. It is formed a taproot. The aboveground plant parts are often hairy fluffy with pencil -shaped, cylindrical, papillose trichomes. The upright to ascending, most particularly in the upper range branched stem is hairy with unequal length trichomes, while there are more conical ( thorn shaped ) and pointedly lobed hairy or bald.
The leaves are distributed alternate in a basal rosette and on the stem. The basal leaves and lower stem leaves are stalked 1-2, rarely up to 3.2 or up to 5.3 inches long and its usually 3-5 (1.5 to 7.2) inches long and usually 0.7 to 2 ( 0.5 to 2.5 ) cm wide leaf blade is rarely simple, usually two or three times pinnately divided or pinnatisect down to the midrib; they are bare except for the ciliate margin. The end portion of the lower leaves is elongated with a pointed top and smooth or rarely toothed margins. The middle to upper stem leaves are sessile and linear with a length of usually 1 to 2 ( 0.4 to 3 ) inches and a width of usually 0.5 to 2.5 ( 0.3 to 3.5 ) mm to lanceolate and ganzrandig with wedge-shaped to verschmälertem Spreitengrund (without ears ), obtuse to almost acute upper end and usually smooth, ciliated border. The narrow blade sections die off early.
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering period extends depending on location May-July, October or even November. At the beginning schirmtraubigen inflorescences, the fluffy hairy, cylindrical inflorescence axes extend to fruit maturity. The hermaphrodite flowers are cruciform. The four papilliös fluffy hairy sepals are usually at a length of 0.5 to 0.9, rarely up to 1 mm and a width of 0.2 to 0.4 millimeters and its edge and tip is elongated white. Petals absent or sometimes rudimentary and then white, with a length of 0.5 to 0.5 millimeters and a width of about 0.1 mm linear. There are stamens usually two or four rarely available. The stamens are 0.7 to 0.8 millimeters long. The dust bags are ovoid in a length of 0.1 to 0.2 millimeters.
Fruit stand, fruit and seeds
The racemose inflorescence is loose. The case of a diameter of 0.1 to 0.15 millimeters relatively thin and 2-4 ( 1.5 to 5 ) mm long fruit -stalks are splayed to horizontal, straight or slightly curved and hairy all around fluffy. The silicles are ovoid to wide elliptic or oval with a length of 1.8 to 2.5 ( 1.5 to 3 ) mm, and a width of usually 1.5 to 2, often up to 2.3 millimeters, and in the upper portion narrowly winged and emarginate. The pen is hardly visible or with up to 0.1 millimeters, is much shorter than the Ausrandung Schötchens of and lowered into the upper 0.1 to 0.2 mm deep groove. The fruit flaps are thin, smooth, without visible veins and bald.
The brown seeds are oblong to ovate -oblong, wingless and finely papilliös at a length of 1 to 1.5 mm and a diameter of 0.6 to 0.7 millimeters.
Set of chromosomes
The basic chromosome number geträgt x = 8; it occur populations with diploid and tetraploid, ie with the chromosome numbers 2n = 16 or 32
Possible confusion
Due to the lack of petals Lepidium are ruderal and Lepidium apetalum easily confused. But Lepidium apetalum does not smell unpleasant, their trichomes are capitate or clavate, the upper, sitting leaves often have small ears and the fruit stems are slightly flattened to inconspicuously winged, usually with only hand trichomes. Will confuse the rubble - cress ( Lepidium ruderal ) with the Dichtblütigen cress ( Lepidium densiflorum ), tilting cress ( Lepidium neglectum ) and Virginian cress ( Lepidium virginicum ), the latter three species, the petals are at least as long as sepals.
Ecology
The debris - cress is a Hemikryptophyt or Therophyt.
There is insect pollination or self-pollination.
Ripe fruits are available after a few weeks. There is wind spread or spread people. The plant can also spread as a whole by Windverwehung as " steppe witch ".
Occurrence
The Stink - cress is large areas of temperate to subtropical zones spread Eurasia. Originally it is a ostmediterran - Asian Florenelement.
To their area of distribution includes North, Central, West, East, South East Europe, the Caucasus, the Middle East, Central Asia, Siberia, and on the Indian subcontinent. Originally, it is probably a salt-loving plant steppe in Central Asia from the Aral Sea to Manchuria. There are natural occurrences in Kuwait, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ciskaukasien, Dagestan, Altai, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk southern, Kurgan, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Tyumen southern, Yakutia - Sakha, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Mongolia, Xinjiang, in the Indian states of Jammu, Kashmir and Tamil Nadu, in Denmark, in southern Finland, southern Norway, southern Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Slovakia, Switzerland, Poland, the Baltic States, Belarus, Moldova, the European part of Russia, Ukraine (including Crimea), Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Italy, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, France and Spain. In Germany there is a archaeophyte.
As a neophyte the Stink - cress occurs on the Japanese island of Honshu, in Portugal, in Canada, in the U.S. and in New Caledonia. It applies to the New Caledonian islands of Grande Terre and Raoul Iceland as an invasive plant.
In Central Europe the Stink - cress comes from the coast to the scattered Alpenfuß, locally also some frequently; sometimes rare to find them especially at high elevations in the northwest, where they can also be completely absent. In the Alps, it was only temporarily abducted at altitudes of 2000 meters often. In Austria and Switzerland it thrives in the colline to montane, rarely subalpine altitudinal zones. In Austria, they often up scattered in all provinces.
The Stink - cress is a heat- loving Ruderalpflanze especially the dry waste places, crossing points, railways and roadsides. They colonized roadsides, railway tracks and gappy overgrown wasteland. The Stink - cress needs solidified, rather dry, nutrient-rich and nitrogen-containing soil, which may be loamy or sandy- loamy; she goes on gravel and gravel.
Taxonomy
The first publication of Lepidium ruderale was in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 2, pp. 645 synonyms for Lepidium ruderale L. are: Iberis ruderalis (L.) Crantz, Lepidium ambiguum Long, Lepidium ambiguum F.Muell, Lepidium glaucescens. Dumort. , Lepidium texanum Buckley, Lepidium virginicum subsp. texanum ( Buckley ) Thell. , Nasturtium ruderal (L.) Scop., Senckenbergia ruderalis G.Gaertn. , B.Mey. & Scherb. , Thlaspi ruderal (L. ) All., Thlaspi tenuifolium Lam ..
Use
Lepidium ruderale is used against the contagious skin disease impetigo, such as impetigo.
The taste like cress leaves are eaten raw or cooked.
Trivial names in other languages
Trivial names in other languages :
- Chinese zhu mao xing cai you
- English: narrow-leaved pepperwort, peppercress, pepper grass, pepper grass roadside
- French: cresson puant, passe rage of décombres
- Spanish: lepidio de hoja estrecha